Cyber Resilience

CVE-2025-30394

Race Condition in Microsoft Windows Server 2012 r2

Published
13 May 2025
Modified
17 June 2026
Patch / advisory
CVSS Score v3.1 5.9
Click a component to see what it means
Raw vectorCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H
EPSS Score 0.24 98th percentile
Risk Priority 60 floored blend · peak EPSS

Summary

CVE-2025-30394 is a medium-severity Sensitive Data Storage in Improperly Locked Memory (CWE-591) vulnerability in Microsoft Windows Server 2012. Its CVSS base score is 5.9 (Medium).

Operationally, exploitation aligns with the MITRE ATT&CK technique Unsecured Credentials (T1552); ranked in the top 2% of CVEs by exploit likelihood; it is not currently listed in the CISA KEV catalog.

The strongest mitigations our analysis identified map to SC-39 (Process Isolation) and SC-4 (Information in Shared System Resources) — see the control section below for these in your framework.

OWASP Top 10 for Web (2025)

EU & UK References

Vulnerability Data

Sensitive data storage in improperly locked memory in Remote Desktop Gateway Service allows an unauthorized attacker to deny service over a network.

CWE(s)

Related Threats

MITRE ATT&CK Enterprise Techniques

T1552 Unsecured Credentials Credential Access
Adversaries may search compromised systems to find and obtain insecurely stored credentials.
T1552.001 Credentials In Files Credential Access
Adversaries may search local file systems and remote file shares for files containing insecurely stored credentials.
T1068 Exploitation for Privilege Escalation Privilege Escalation
Adversaries may exploit software vulnerabilities in an attempt to elevate privileges.
Derived from this CVE’s CWE(s) via the direct CWE→ATT&CK cross-walk.

CVEs Like This One

CVE-2025-21309Same product: Microsoft Windows Server 2012
CVE-2025-24045Same product: Microsoft Windows Server 2012
CVE-2024-49091Same product: Microsoft Windows Server 2012
CVE-2023-35310Same product: Microsoft Windows Server 2012
CVE-2023-28278Same product: Microsoft Windows Server 2012
CVE-2023-35346Same product: Microsoft Windows Server 2012
CVE-2024-49128Same product: Microsoft Windows Server 2012
CVE-2025-27482Same product: Microsoft Windows Server 2016
CVE-2024-49108Same product: Microsoft Windows Server 2016
CVE-2024-49115Same product: Microsoft Windows Server 2016

Affected Assets

microsoft
windows server 2012
all versions, r2
microsoft
windows server 2016
≤ 10.0.14393.8066
microsoft
windows server 2019
≤ 10.0.17763.7314
microsoft
windows server 2022
≤ 10.0.20348.3692
microsoft
windows server 2022 23h2
≤ 10.0.25398.1611
microsoft
windows server 2025
≤ 10.0.26100.4061

Mitigating Controls

Control response

Prevent
Stop it (NIST 800-53)

Detect
Catch it (NIST detect / respond)

Harden
Shrink the surface (DISA STIG)
  • 1 hardening rule · 1 OS baseline
Validate
Prove the fix (OWASP ASVS)
  • V10.4.2
  • V10.4.5
  • V15.1.3
  • V15.4.1

Mitigating Controls (NIST 800-53 r5) AI

Maintaining separate execution domains for each process structurally eliminates unintended concurrent access to the same shared resources.

Preventing unintended information transfer through shared system resources directly addresses the improper concurrent modification that defines a race condition.

Mitigating Controls (NIST CSF 2.0) AI

Derived directly from the weakness types (CWEs) cited in the NVD entry via our AI-authored CWE→CSF cross-walk (authority under review) — links open the control.

PR.PS-06 mostly match
prevents

Secure SDLC practices directly require proper synchronization primitives and concurrency testing that prevent race conditions.

PR.DS-01 partial match
prevents

PR.DS-01 encryption of data-at-rest can protect swapped pages but does not stop improper memory locking, addressing only one exposure facet of the weakness.

Mitigating Controls (ISO/IEC 27001:2022 Annex A) AI

Derived directly from the weakness types (CWEs) cited in the NVD entry via our AI-authored CWE→ISO cross-walk (authority under review) — links open the control.

finds

Security testing can discover unlocked sensitive buffers, but does not itself implement the locking mechanism.

degrades

Cryptographic controls can reduce exposure of sensitive data even if it is paged, but do not directly enforce memory locking.

prevents

Secure SDLC mandates concurrency controls and synchronization primitives that directly prevent race conditions.

prevents

Application security requirements can specify thread-safety and locking rules, but do not prescribe implementation details.

prevents

Secure architecture principles require proper synchronization and resource isolation, addressing the root cause of CWE-362.

prevents

Secure-coding standards can mandate use of locked-memory APIs, directly preventing the weakness.

Hardening callouts derived

Configuration rules from DISA STIG baselines that bear on weaknesses of the type cited by this CVE. Each rule is shown with the relationship its mapping actually records, against the CWE it was authored against. Derived via CVE→CWE over `controls_xwalks` (authoritative rows only; rows rated `none` are excluded).

Oracle Linux 8 (1 rule)
  • V-248525 All OL 8 local disk partitions must implement cryptographic mechanisms to prevent unauthorized disclosure or modification of all information that requires at-rest protection. prevents CWE-591

References