Cyber Resilience

CVE-2025-31254

Access Control in Apple Safari ≤ 26.0

Access Control
Published
15 September 2025
Modified
03 November 2025
Patch / advisory
View advisory
CVSS Score v3.1 5.4
Click a component to see what it means
Raw vectorCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:N
EPSS Score 0.0048 39th percentile
Risk Priority 35 floored blend · peak EPSS

Summary

CVE-2025-31254 is a medium-severity Incorrect Authorization (CWE-863) vulnerability in Apple Safari. Its CVSS base score is 5.4 (Medium).

Operationally, ranked at the 39th percentile by exploit likelihood (below the median); it is not currently listed in the CISA KEV catalog.

The strongest mitigations our analysis identified map to SI-10 (Information Input Validation) and AC-3 (Access Enforcement) — see the control section below for these in your framework.

OWASP Top 10 for Web (2025)

A01:2025 Broken Access Control

EU & UK References

Vulnerability Data

This issue was addressed with improved URL validation. This issue is fixed in Safari 26, iOS 26 and iPadOS 26. Processing maliciously crafted web content may lead to unexpected URL redirection.

CWE(s)
CWE-863

Related Threats

CVEs Like This One

CVE-2025-24141Same product: Apple Ipados
CVE-2026-28873Same product: Apple Ipados
CVE-2025-30469Same product: Apple Ipados
CVE-2025-24200Same product: Apple Ipados
CVE-2025-31227Same product: Apple Ipados
CVE-2024-44217Same product: Apple Ipados
CVE-2024-44136Same product: Apple Ipados
CVE-2024-54488Same product: Apple Ipados
CVE-2024-54512Same product: Apple Ipados
CVE-2026-28951Same product: Apple Ipados

Affected Assets

apple
safari
≤ 26.0
apple
ipados
≤ 26.0
apple
iphone os
≤ 26.0

Mitigating Controls

Control response

Prevent
Stop it (NIST 800-53)
  • SI-10 Information Input Validation
  • AC-3 Access Enforcement
  • AC-4 Information Flow Enforcement
Detect
Catch it (NIST detect / respond)

—

Harden
Shrink the surface (DISA STIG)
  • 5 hardening rules · 3 OS baselines
Validate
Prove the fix (OWASP ASVS)

—

Mitigating Controls (NIST 800-53 r5) AI

SI-10 Information Input Validation good match
prevent

Directly requires validation of URL inputs from web content to block malformed redirect targets before processing occurs.

AC-3 Access Enforcement partial match
prevent

Enforces authorization decisions on navigation targets so that only permitted URLs are followed, addressing the CWE-863 flaw.

AC-4 Information Flow Enforcement partial match
prevent

Controls information flow for redirects originating from untrusted web content, limiting unauthorized destination changes.

Mitigating Controls (NIST CSF 2.0) AI

Derived directly from the weakness types (CWEs) cited in the NVD entry via our AI-authored CWE→CSF cross-walk (authority under review) — links open the control.

PR.AA-05 mostly match
prevents

Defining, enforcing, and reviewing access authorizations and least privilege directly prevents incorrect authorization checks.

Mitigating Controls (ISO/IEC 27001:2022 Annex A) AI

Derived directly from the weakness types (CWEs) cited in the NVD entry via our AI-authored CWE→ISO cross-walk (authority under review) — links open the control.

A.5.15 Access control partial match
prevents

Requiring consistency between access rights and classification plus formal approval steps ensures that the authorization logic correctly distinguishes between entities that should and should not be granted access.

A.5.18 Access rights partial match
prevents

Enforcing policy-driven approval and role-change reviews stops incorrect or stale authorization decisions from remaining in effect after job changes or terminations.

A.8.3 Information access restriction partial match
prevents

By tying access rights to identity, device, location and classification, the control reduces the likelihood that an authorization decision will be based on an incorrect or bypassed policy.

References