CVE-2025-32468
Published: 25 August 2025
Summary
CVE-2025-32468 is a high-severity Integer Overflow to Buffer Overflow (CWE-680) vulnerability in Sail Sail. Its CVSS base score is 8.8 (High).
Operationally, exploitation aligns with the MITRE ATT&CK technique Exploitation for Client Execution (T1203); ranked in the top 32.6% of CVEs by exploit likelihood; it is not currently listed in the CISA KEV catalog; a public proof-of-concept is referenced.
The strongest mitigations our analysis identified are NIST 800-53 SI-16 (Memory Protection) and SI-2 (Flaw Remediation).
Deeper analysis
CVE-2025-32468 is a memory corruption vulnerability in the BMPv3 Image Decoding functionality of the SAIL Image Decoding Library version 0.9.8. The issue arises when loading a specially crafted BMP file, triggering an integer overflow during stride calculation for decoding. This subsequently causes a heap-based buffer overflow, potentially leading to remote code execution. The vulnerability is classified under CWE-680 and received a CVSS v3.1 base score of 8.8 (AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H).
An attacker can exploit this vulnerability by convincing a user or application to load a malicious BMP file through the affected library. No privileges are required, and the attack is network-accessible with low complexity, though it relies on user interaction such as opening the file. Successful exploitation grants high-impact confidentiality, integrity, and availability effects, including the potential for remote code execution in the context of the decoding process.
Mitigation details are available in the Talos Intelligence advisory TALOS-2025-2216 at https://talosintelligence.com/vulnerability_reports/TALOS-2025-2216.
EU & UK References
- 🇪🇺 ENISA EUVD: EUVD-2025-25757
Vulnerability details
A memory corruption vulnerability exists in the BMPv3 Image Decoding functionality of the SAIL Image Decoding Library v0.9.8. When loading a specially crafted .bmp file, an integer overflow can be made to occur when calculating the stride for decoding. Afterwards,…
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this will cause a heap-based buffer to overflow when decoding the image which can lead to remote code execution. An attacker will need to convince the library to read a file to trigger this vulnerability.
- CWE(s)
Related Threats
MITRE ATT&CK Enterprise TechniquesAI
Why these techniques?
Buffer overflow in image decoder library enables client-side RCE when user/application loads malicious BMP file (T1203 + T1204.002).
CVEs Like This One
Affected Assets
Mitigating Controls
Mitigating Controls (NIST 800-53 r5) AI
Directly remediates the integer overflow and heap buffer overflow in SAIL library's BMPv3 decoding by applying vendor patches or updates to version 0.9.8.
Implements memory protections like ASLR, DEP, and heap isolation to block remote code execution from the heap buffer overflow even if unpatched.
Validates BMP image inputs such as dimensions and stride values to block specially crafted files triggering the integer overflow during decoding.