CVE-2025-53510
Sail 0.9.8
Raw vector
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:HSummary
CVE-2025-53510 is a high-severity Integer Overflow to Buffer Overflow (CWE-680) vulnerability in Sail Sail. Its CVSS base score is 8.8 (High).
Operationally, exploitation aligns with the MITRE ATT&CK technique Exploitation for Privilege Escalation (T1068); ranked at the 49th percentile by exploit likelihood (below the median); it is not currently listed in the CISA KEV catalog; a public proof-of-concept is referenced.
The strongest mitigations our analysis identified map to SA-11 (Developer Testing and Evaluation) and SA-15 (Development Process, Standards, and Tools) — see the control section below for these in your framework.
Deeper analysis AI-assisted summary
Synthesised by an AI model from the NVD description and linked references — a reading aid, not an authoritative source.
CVE-2025-53510 is a memory corruption vulnerability in the PSD Image Decoding functionality of the SAIL Image Decoding Library version 0.9.8. The issue arises when loading a specially crafted .psd file, triggering an integer overflow during stride calculation for decoding. This overflow subsequently causes a heap-based buffer overflow during image decoding, potentially leading to remote code execution. The vulnerability is classified under CWE-680 with a CVSS v3.1 base score of 8.8 (AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H).
An attacker can exploit this vulnerability by crafting a malicious .psd file and convincing a user or application to load it via the affected library, as no privileges are required and exploitation occurs over a network with low complexity. User interaction is necessary, such as opening the file in a supporting image viewer or editor. Successful exploitation grants high confidentiality, integrity, and availability impacts, enabling remote code execution in the context of the application using the library.
The primary advisory is documented in the Talos Intelligence report TALOS-2025-2218, available at https://talosintelligence.com/vulnerability_reports/TALOS-2025-2218. Specific mitigation details, such as patches or workarounds, are outlined in this reference.
EU & UK References
- 🇪🇺 ENISA EUVD: EUVD-2025-28528
Vulnerability Data
A memory corruption vulnerability exists in the PSD Image Decoding functionality of the SAIL Image Decoding Library v0.9.8. When loading a specially crafted .psd file, an integer overflow can be made to occur when calculating the stride for decoding. Afterwards,…
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this will cause a heap-based buffer to overflow when decoding the image which can lead to remote code execution. An attacker will need to convince the library to read a file to trigger this vulnerability.
- CWE(s)
Related Threats
MITRE ATT&CK Enterprise Techniques
CVEs Like This One
Affected Assets
Mitigating Controls
Mitigating Controls (NIST 800-53 r5) AI
Developer testing and analysis (static, dynamic, fuzzing) finds integer-overflow-to-allocation defects before deployment.
Mandates documented development standards and tools that enforce secure coding rules against unsafe integer arithmetic.
Requires engineering principles such as safe arithmetic and bounds-checked allocation that directly stop integer overflow during memory-size computation.
Validates untrusted size/offset inputs before they reach allocation calculations, structurally blocking the integer overflow path.
Mitigating Controls (NIST CSF 2.0) AI
Derived directly from the weakness types (CWEs) cited in the NVD entry via our AI-authored CWE→CSF cross-walk (authority under review) — links open the control.
Secure SDLC practices directly prevent integer-overflow flaws during development, but eliminating only this CWE covers only part of the broad control intent.
Mitigating Controls (ISO/IEC 27001:2022 Annex A) AI
Derived directly from the weakness types (CWEs) cited in the NVD entry via our AI-authored CWE→ISO cross-walk (authority under review) — links open the control.
Security testing can detect integer-overflow-to-buffer-overflow conditions during development.
Secure development life cycle mandates practices that can catch integer overflows before deployment.
Application security requirements can specify safe integer handling and bounds checking.
Secure architecture principles encourage use of safe arithmetic libraries and overflow detection.
Secure coding standards directly require prevention of integer overflows that lead to buffer overflows.