CVE-2025-53510
Published: 25 August 2025
Summary
CVE-2025-53510 is a high-severity Integer Overflow to Buffer Overflow (CWE-680) vulnerability in Sail Sail. Its CVSS base score is 8.8 (High).
Operationally, exploitation aligns with the MITRE ATT&CK technique Exploitation for Client Execution (T1203); ranked in the top 37.3% of CVEs by exploit likelihood; it is not currently listed in the CISA KEV catalog; a public proof-of-concept is referenced.
The strongest mitigations our analysis identified are NIST 800-53 SI-16 (Memory Protection) and SI-2 (Flaw Remediation).
Threat & Defense at a Glance
Threat & Defense Details
Mitigating Controls (NIST 800-53 r5)AI
Directly mitigates the vulnerability by requiring timely remediation through patching the known integer overflow and heap buffer overflow in SAIL library's PSD decoding.
Implements memory safeguards like address space layout randomization and data execution prevention to block remote code execution from the heap buffer overflow.
Validates image file inputs to detect and reject specially crafted PSD files that trigger the integer overflow during stride calculation.
MITRE ATT&CK Enterprise TechniquesAI
Why these techniques?
Malicious PSD file triggers client-side buffer overflow for RCE (T1203 Exploitation for Client Execution); requires user to open the file (T1204.002 Malicious File).
NVD Description
A memory corruption vulnerability exists in the PSD Image Decoding functionality of the SAIL Image Decoding Library v0.9.8. When loading a specially crafted .psd file, an integer overflow can be made to occur when calculating the stride for decoding. Afterwards,…
more
this will cause a heap-based buffer to overflow when decoding the image which can lead to remote code execution. An attacker will need to convince the library to read a file to trigger this vulnerability.
Deeper analysisAI
CVE-2025-53510 is a memory corruption vulnerability in the PSD Image Decoding functionality of the SAIL Image Decoding Library version 0.9.8. The issue arises when loading a specially crafted .psd file, triggering an integer overflow during stride calculation for decoding. This overflow subsequently causes a heap-based buffer overflow during image decoding, potentially leading to remote code execution. The vulnerability is classified under CWE-680 with a CVSS v3.1 base score of 8.8 (AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H).
An attacker can exploit this vulnerability by crafting a malicious .psd file and convincing a user or application to load it via the affected library, as no privileges are required and exploitation occurs over a network with low complexity. User interaction is necessary, such as opening the file in a supporting image viewer or editor. Successful exploitation grants high confidentiality, integrity, and availability impacts, enabling remote code execution in the context of the application using the library.
The primary advisory is documented in the Talos Intelligence report TALOS-2025-2218, available at https://talosintelligence.com/vulnerability_reports/TALOS-2025-2218. Specific mitigation details, such as patches or workarounds, are outlined in this reference.
Details
- CWE(s)