CVE-2025-52930
Sail 0.9.8
Raw vector
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:HSummary
CVE-2025-52930 is a high-severity Integer Overflow to Buffer Overflow (CWE-680) vulnerability in Sail Sail. Its CVSS base score is 8.8 (High).
Operationally, exploitation aligns with the MITRE ATT&CK technique Exploitation for Privilege Escalation (T1068); ranked in the top 49% of CVEs by exploit likelihood; it is not currently listed in the CISA KEV catalog; a public proof-of-concept is referenced.
The strongest mitigations our analysis identified map to SA-11 (Developer Testing and Evaluation) and SA-15 (Development Process, Standards, and Tools) — see the control section below for these in your framework.
Deeper analysis AI-assisted summary
Synthesised by an AI model from the NVD description and linked references — a reading aid, not an authoritative source.
A memory corruption vulnerability, designated CVE-2025-52930, affects the BMPv3 RLE Decoding functionality in the SAIL Image Decoding Library version 0.9.8. The issue manifests as a heap-based buffer overflow during the decompression of image data from a specially crafted .bmp file, potentially enabling remote code execution. Applications or systems that incorporate this library and process BMP files are at risk when the library is instructed to decode malicious input.
The vulnerability carries a CVSS v3.1 base score of 8.8 (AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H), indicating it is exploitable over the network with low attack complexity and no required privileges, though it demands user interaction. An attacker can craft a malicious BMP file and trick a user into opening or processing it via an affected application, such as an image viewer or editor linked against the library. Successful exploitation allows arbitrary code execution with the privileges of the application, potentially leading to full system compromise.
Mitigation details and further technical analysis are available in the Talos Intelligence advisory at https://talosintelligence.com/vulnerability_reports/TALOS-2025-2221. Security practitioners should review this report for patch information, workarounds, or updated library versions to address the flaw.
EU & UK References
- 🇪🇺 ENISA EUVD: EUVD-2025-25738
Vulnerability Data
A memory corruption vulnerability exists in the BMPv3 RLE Decoding functionality of the SAIL Image Decoding Library v0.9.8. When decompressing the image data from a specially crafted .bmp file, a heap-based buffer overflow can occur which allows for remote code…
more
execution. An attacker will need to convince the library to read a file to trigger this vulnerability.
- CWE(s)
Related Threats
MITRE ATT&CK Enterprise Techniques
CVEs Like This One
Affected Assets
Mitigating Controls
Mitigating Controls (NIST 800-53 r5) AI
Developer testing and analysis (static, dynamic, fuzzing) finds integer-overflow-to-allocation defects before deployment.
Mandates documented development standards and tools that enforce secure coding rules against unsafe integer arithmetic.
Requires engineering principles such as safe arithmetic and bounds-checked allocation that directly stop integer overflow during memory-size computation.
Validates untrusted size/offset inputs before they reach allocation calculations, structurally blocking the integer overflow path.
Mitigating Controls (NIST CSF 2.0) AI
Derived directly from the weakness types (CWEs) cited in the NVD entry via our AI-authored CWE→CSF cross-walk (authority under review) — links open the control.
Secure SDLC practices directly prevent integer-overflow flaws during development, but eliminating only this CWE covers only part of the broad control intent.
Mitigating Controls (ISO/IEC 27001:2022 Annex A) AI
Derived directly from the weakness types (CWEs) cited in the NVD entry via our AI-authored CWE→ISO cross-walk (authority under review) — links open the control.
Security testing can detect integer-overflow-to-buffer-overflow conditions during development.
Secure development life cycle mandates practices that can catch integer overflows before deployment.
Application security requirements can specify safe integer handling and bounds checking.
Secure architecture principles encourage use of safe arithmetic libraries and overflow detection.
Secure coding standards directly require prevention of integer overflows that lead to buffer overflows.