CVE-2025-33042
Apache Avro ≤ 1.11.5
Raw vector
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:LSummary
CVE-2025-33042 is a high-severity Code Injection (CWE-94) vulnerability in Apache Avro. Its CVSS base score is 7.3 (High).
Operationally, exploitation aligns with the MITRE ATT&CK technique Command and Scripting Interpreter (T1059); ranked at the 46th percentile by exploit likelihood (below the median); it is not currently listed in the CISA KEV catalog.
The strongest mitigations our analysis identified map to SA-11 (Developer Testing and Evaluation) and SI-10 (Information Input Validation) — see the control section below for these in your framework.
Deeper analysis AI-assisted summary
Synthesised by an AI model from the NVD description and linked references — a reading aid, not an authoritative source.
CVE-2025-33042 is an Improper Control of Generation of Code ('Code Injection') vulnerability, classified under CWE-94, in the Apache Avro Java SDK. It occurs when generating specific records from untrusted Avro schemas. The issue affects all versions of the Apache Avro Java SDK through 1.11.4 and version 1.12.0. The vulnerability has a CVSS v3.1 base score of 7.3 (AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L), indicating high severity due to its network accessibility and low attack complexity.
Remote attackers require no privileges or user interaction to exploit this vulnerability over the network. Successful exploitation allows limited impacts on confidentiality, integrity, and availability through code injection, potentially enabling arbitrary code execution in the context of the affected application processing untrusted schemas.
Apache advisories recommend upgrading to remedied versions 1.12.1 or 1.11.5 to mitigate the issue. Additional details are available in the Apache mailing list announcement at https://lists.apache.org/thread/fy88wmgf1lj9479vrpt12cv8x73lroj1 and the OSS-Security mailing list at http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2026/02/12/2.
OWASP Top 10 for Web (2025)
EU & UK References
- 🇪🇺 ENISA EUVD: EUVD-2025-206910
Vulnerability Data
Improper Control of Generation of Code ('Code Injection') vulnerability in Apache Avro Java SDK when generating specific records from untrusted Avro schemas. This issue affects Apache Avro Java SDK: all versions through 1.11.4 and version 1.12.0. Users are recommended to…
more
upgrade to version 1.12.1 or 1.11.5, which fix the issue.
- CWE(s)
Related Threats
MITRE ATT&CK Enterprise Techniques
CVEs Like This One
Affected Assets
Mitigating Controls
Control response
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V1.3.1
Mitigating Controls (NIST 800-53 r5) AI
Developer testing and evaluation finds code paths that accept and execute externally influenced strings.
Input validation directly stops untrusted data from being used to construct executable code without neutralization.
Least privilege limits the damage an injected code fragment can perform once executed.
Requiring documented secure development standards and tools enforces use of safe code-generation APIs and escaping.
Mitigating Controls (NIST CSF 2.0) AI
Derived directly from the weakness types (CWEs) cited in the NVD entry via our AI-authored CWE→CSF cross-walk (authority under review) — links open the control.
PR.PS-06's SDLC practices directly target injection flaws via secure coding and testing (mostly), yet as a single broad outcome it leaves many code-generation specifics unaddressed (partial).
PR.DS-10 protects runtime data confidentiality/integrity but has no bearing on neutralizing externally influenced input during code generation, so neither direction shows any preventive effect.
Mitigating Controls (ISO/IEC 27001:2022 Annex A) AI
Derived directly from the weakness types (CWEs) cited in the NVD entry via our AI-authored CWE→ISO cross-walk (authority under review) — links open the control.
Banning unapproved code samples and unauthenticated web services, combined with secure-coding standards and SAST, prevents the dynamic generation or inclusion of attacker-supplied code.
Controls that restrict unauthorized or malicious code from being introduced via external networks or removable media limit opportunities for an attacker to inject and execute arbitrary code.