CVE-2025-41687

Critical

Published: 23 July 2025

Published

23 July 2025

Modified

15 April 2026

KEV Added

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Patch

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CVSS Score 9.8 CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

EPSS Score 0.0016 36.2th percentile

Risk Priority 20 60% EPSS · 20% KEV · 20% CVSS

Summary

CVE-2025-41687 is a critical-severity Stack-based Buffer Overflow (CWE-121) vulnerability in Certvde (inferred from references). Its CVSS base score is 9.8 (Critical).

Operationally, exploitation aligns with the MITRE ATT&CK technique Exploit Public-Facing Application (T1190); ranked at the 36.2th percentile by exploit likelihood (below the median); it is not currently listed in the CISA KEV catalog.

The strongest mitigations our analysis identified are NIST 800-53 SI-10 (Information Input Validation) and SI-16 (Memory Protection).

Threat & Defense at a Glance

What attackers do: exploitation maps to Exploit Public-Facing Application (T1190). What defenders deploy: see the NIST 800-53 controls recommended below.

Threat & Defense Details

Mitigating Controls (NIST 800-53 r5)AI

SI-10 Information Input Validation good match

prevent

Information input validation directly prevents stack-based buffer overflows in the u-link Management API by enforcing bounds checking and sanitization of unauthenticated remote inputs.

SI-16 Memory Protection good match

prevent

Memory protection mechanisms like stack canaries, ASLR, and DEP comprehensively mitigate exploitation of the stack buffer overflow vulnerability even if invalid inputs reach the API.

SI-2 Flaw Remediation good match

prevent

Flaw remediation ensures timely patching of the specific stack-based buffer overflow in the u-link Management API to eliminate the vulnerability.

MITRE ATT&CK Enterprise TechniquesAI

T1190 Exploit Public-Facing Application Initial Access

Adversaries may attempt to exploit a weakness in an Internet-facing host or system to initially access a network.

attack.mitre.org →

Why these techniques?

Stack-based buffer overflow in network-accessible management API enables unauthenticated remote code execution on public-facing devices.

Confidence: HIGH · MITRE ATT&CK Enterprise v18.1

NVD Description

An unauthenticated remote attacker may use a stack based buffer overflow in the u-link Management API to gain full access on the affected devices.

Deeper analysisAI

CVE-2025-41687 is a stack-based buffer overflow vulnerability, corresponding to CWE-121, in the u-link Management API. Published on 2025-07-23, it affects devices that utilize this API and carries a CVSS v3.1 base score of 9.8 (AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H), reflecting critical severity due to its potential for high-impact confidentiality, integrity, and availability consequences.

An unauthenticated remote attacker can exploit the vulnerability over the network with low attack complexity and no privileges or user interaction required. Successful exploitation enables the attacker to gain full access on the affected devices.

Mitigation guidance is available in the advisory published by CERT VDE at https://certvde.com/de/advisories/VDE-2025-052.