Cyber Resilience

CVE-2025-4233

Published
12 June 2025
Modified
17 June 2026
CVSS Score v4 5.1
Click a component to see what it means
Raw vectorCVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:L/VI:N/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:N/R:U/V:D/RE:M/U:Amber
EPSS Score 0.0018 7th percentile
Risk Priority 29 floored blend · peak EPSS

Summary

CVE-2025-4233 is a medium-severity Use of Cache Containing Sensitive Information (CWE-524) vulnerability in Paloaltonetworks (inferred from references). Its CVSS base score is 5.1 (Medium).

Operationally, exploitation aligns with the MITRE ATT&CK technique Unsecured Credentials (T1552); ranked at the 7th percentile by exploit likelihood (below the median); it is not currently listed in the CISA KEV catalog.

The strongest mitigations our analysis identified map to AC-3 (Access Enforcement) and SC-4 (Information in Shared System Resources) — see the control section below for these in your framework.

EU & UK References

Vulnerability Data

An insufficient implementation of cache vulnerability in Palo Alto Networks Prisma® Access Browser enables users to bypass certain data control policies.

CWE(s)
CWE-524

Related Threats

MITRE ATT&CK Enterprise Techniques

T1552 Unsecured Credentials Credential Access
Adversaries may search compromised systems to find and obtain insecurely stored credentials.
attack.mitre.org →
T1552.001 Credentials In Files Credential Access
Adversaries may search local file systems and remote file shares for files containing insecurely stored credentials.
attack.mitre.org →
T1005 Data from Local System Collection
Adversaries may search local system sources, such as file systems, configuration files, local databases, virtual machine files, or process memory, to find files of interest and sensitive data prior to Exfiltration.
attack.mitre.org →
T1539 Steal Web Session Cookie Credential Access
An adversary may steal web application or service session cookies and use them to gain access to web applications or Internet services as an authenticated user without needing credentials.
attack.mitre.org →
Derived from this CVE’s CWE(s) via the direct CWE→ATT&CK cross-walk.

CVEs Like This One

CVE-2024-30127Shared CWE-524
CVE-2025-5141Shared CWE-524
CVE-2026-47225Shared CWE-524
CVE-2025-43410Shared CWE-524
CVE-2026-0281Shared CWE-524
CVE-2026-64792Shared CWE-524
CVE-2026-6907Shared CWE-524
CVE-2023-37516Shared CWE-524
CVE-2025-69581Shared CWE-524
CVE-2026-22741Shared CWE-524

Affected Assets

Paloaltonetworks
—
inferred from references and description; NVD did not file a CPE for this CVE

Mitigating Controls

Control response

Prevent
Stop it (NIST 800-53)

—

Detect
Catch it (NIST detect / respond)

—

Harden
Shrink the surface (DISA STIG)

—

Validate
Prove the fix (OWASP ASVS)
  • V14.3.2

Mitigating Controls (NIST 800-53 r5) AI

AC-3 Access Enforcement good match

Enforces access authorizations so that cached sensitive data cannot be read by actors outside the intended sphere.

SC-4 Information in Shared System Resources good match

Directly prevents unauthorized transfer of information through shared resources such as caches.

AC-4 Information Flow Enforcement partial match

Controls information flows to keep sensitive data from leaving its authorized control sphere via caches.

SC-28 Protection of Information at Rest partial match

Requires cryptographic or other protection of sensitive information at rest, which covers cached data.

Mitigating Controls (NIST CSF 2.0) AI

Derived directly from the weakness types (CWEs) cited in the NVD entry via our AI-authored CWE→CSF cross-walk (authority under review) — links open the control.

PR.DS-01 mostly match
prevents

Protecting confidentiality of data-at-rest covers caches that persist sensitive information.

PR.AA-05 partial match
prevents

Enforcing least-privilege access permissions directly limits who can read cached sensitive data.

PR.DS-10 partial match
prevents

Protecting data-in-use can mitigate exposure when caches hold transient sensitive values.

PR.IR-01 partial match
prevents

Logical access controls on environments reduce the chance an outsider can reach the cache.

PR.PS-01 partial match
prevents

Hardened configuration baselines can disable or secure caching of sensitive data.

Mitigating Controls (ISO/IEC 27001:2022 Annex A) AI

Derived directly from the weakness types (CWEs) cited in the NVD entry via our AI-authored CWE→ISO cross-walk (authority under review) — links open the control.

A.8.12 Data leakage prevention mostly match
prevents

Data leakage prevention can block unauthorized access to cached sensitive information.

A.8.3 Information access restriction mostly match
prevents

Information access restriction directly limits who can read cached sensitive data.

A.8.10 Information deletion partial match
mitigates

Information deletion ensures sensitive data is removed from caches when no longer needed.

A.8.24 Use of cryptography partial match
mitigates

Cryptography can protect cached data at rest, but does not address access control scope.

A.8.28 Secure coding partial match
prevents

Secure coding practices prevent caching of sensitive data outside intended boundaries.

A.8.31 Separation of development, test and production environments none match
none

Environment separation reduces risk of cache exposure across development/test/production.

References