CVE-2025-42957

CriticalRCE

Published: 12 August 2025

Published

12 August 2025

Modified

15 April 2026

KEV Added

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Patch

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CVSS Score 9.9 CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H

EPSS Score 0.0015 35.1th percentile

Risk Priority 20 60% EPSS · 20% KEV · 20% CVSS

Summary

CVE-2025-42957 is a critical-severity Code Injection (CWE-94) vulnerability in Sap (inferred from references). Its CVSS base score is 9.9 (Critical).

Operationally, exploitation aligns with the MITRE ATT&CK technique Exploit Public-Facing Application (T1190); ranked at the 35.1th percentile by exploit likelihood (below the median); it is not currently listed in the CISA KEV catalog.

The strongest mitigations our analysis identified are NIST 800-53 SI-10 (Information Input Validation) and SI-2 (Flaw Remediation).

Threat & Defense at a Glance

What attackers do: exploitation maps to Exploit Public-Facing Application (T1190) and 2 other techniques. What defenders deploy: see the NIST 800-53 controls recommended below.

Threat & Defense Details

Mitigating Controls (NIST 800-53 r5)AI

SI-2 Flaw Remediation good match

prevent

Directly remediates the code injection vulnerability by requiring timely application of the vendor patch in SAP security note 3627998.

SI-10 Information Input Validation good match

prevent

Validates inputs to the RFC function module to prevent arbitrary ABAP code injection attacks.

AC-3 Access Enforcement partial match

prevent

Enforces robust authorization checks to mitigate bypasses exploited by the vulnerable function module.

MITRE ATT&CK Enterprise TechniquesAI

T1190 Exploit Public-Facing Application Initial Access

Adversaries may attempt to exploit a weakness in an Internet-facing host or system to initially access a network.

attack.mitre.org →

T1068 Exploitation for Privilege Escalation Privilege Escalation

Adversaries may exploit software vulnerabilities in an attempt to elevate privileges.

attack.mitre.org →

T1210 Exploitation of Remote Services Lateral Movement

Adversaries may exploit remote services to gain unauthorized access to internal systems once inside of a network.

attack.mitre.org →

Why these techniques?

Direct ABAP code injection in network-exposed RFC module enables remote exploitation of application services (T1190/T1210) and bypasses auth for effective privilege escalation to arbitrary execution (T1068).

Confidence: HIGH · MITRE ATT&CK Enterprise v18.1

NVD Description

SAP S/4HANA allows an attacker with user privileges to exploit a vulnerability in the function module exposed via RFC. This flaw enables the injection of arbitrary ABAP code into the system, bypassing essential authorization checks. This vulnerability effectively functions as…

a backdoor, creating the risk of full system compromise, undermining the confidentiality, integrity and availability of the system.

Deeper analysisAI

CVE-2025-42957 is a critical vulnerability (CVSS 9.9, CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H) in SAP S/4HANA, published on 2025-08-12. It affects a function module exposed via RFC, classified under CWE-94 (code injection). The flaw allows an attacker with user privileges to inject arbitrary ABAP code into the system, bypassing essential authorization checks and functioning as a backdoor that risks full system compromise, undermining confidentiality, integrity, and availability.

An attacker with low-privilege user credentials and network access to the SAP S/4HANA system can exploit this vulnerability remotely with low complexity and no user interaction required. Upon successful exploitation, the attacker achieves arbitrary ABAP code execution with a changed scope, enabling high-impact control over the system, including potential escalation to full compromise.

SAP addresses this vulnerability in security note 3627998 (https://me.sap.com/notes/3627998) as part of the SAP Security Patch Day (https://url.sap/sapsecuritypatchday). Security practitioners should review and apply the specified patches to mitigate the risk.