CVE-2025-45784
Published: 18 June 2025
Summary
CVE-2025-45784 is a critical-severity Use of Hard-coded Credentials (CWE-798) vulnerability in Dlink Dph-400Se Firmware. Its CVSS base score is 9.8 (Critical).
Operationally, ranked in the top 16.2% of CVEs by exploit likelihood; it is not currently listed in the CISA KEV catalog; a public proof-of-concept is referenced.
Deeper analysis
D-Link DPH-400S/SE VoIP Phone version 1.01 is affected by CVE-2025-45784, a use of hard-coded credentials vulnerability (CWE-798) in which provisioning variables such as PROVIS_USER_PASSWORD are stored in plaintext within the firmware binary. The issue stems from insecure storage of sensitive information, allowing credentials to be recovered through basic static analysis.
An attacker who obtains a copy of the firmware image can extract the embedded credentials with common tools such as strings or xxd and then use them to gain unauthorized access to device functions or associated user accounts. The vulnerability carries a CVSS 3.1 base score of 9.8, reflecting a network attack vector, low attack complexity, and no required authentication or user interaction.
D-Link has published a security bulletin addressing the issue, and further technical details are available in public analysis at cybermaya.in. The associated EPSS score has remained flat at 0.0195 with no material increase since disclosure.
EU & UK References
- 🇪🇺 ENISA EUVD: EUVD-2025-28025
Vulnerability details
D-Link DPH-400S/SE VoIP Phone v1.01 contains hardcoded provisioning variables, including PROVIS_USER_PASSWORD, which may expose sensitive user credentials. An attacker with access to the firmware image can extract these credentials using static analysis tools such as strings or xxd, potentially leading…
more
to unauthorized access to device functions or user accounts. This vulnerability exists due to insecure storage of sensitive information in the firmware binary.
- CWE(s)
Related Threats
No named actor attribution yet. ATT&CK technique mapping in progress for this CVE.
Affected Assets
Mitigating Controls
Likely Mitigating Controls AI
Per-CVE control mapping for this CVE has not run yet; the list below is derived from the weakness types (CWEs) cited in the NVD entry.
Enables users to notice when hard-coded credentials have been exploited for unauthorized access.
Security training explicitly warns against hard-coded credentials, lowering their use in systems.
Policy and procedures prohibit hard-coded credentials in favor of managed authentication.
External identity providers eliminate the need for hard-coded credentials in applications.
Changing default authenticators prior to first use and protecting content prevents use of hard-coded credentials.
Central credential stores and rotation policies remove the need for hard-coded credentials in configuration files or code.
Intelligence programs surface reports of campaigns that abuse hard-coded credentials in products, prompting removal or replacement and thereby reducing successful exploitation.
Planned investment enables secure credential storage and management systems instead of hard-coded credentials.