Cyber Resilience

CVE-2025-55236

Memory Safety in Microsoft Windows 10 1809 ≤ 10.0.17763.7792

Published
09 September 2025
Modified
12 September 2025
Patch / advisory
CVSS Score v3.1 7.3
Click a component to see what it means
Raw vectorCVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
EPSS Score 0.0042 35th percentile
Risk Priority 53 floored blend · peak EPSS

Summary

CVE-2025-55236 is a high-severity Time-of-check Time-of-use (TOCTOU) Race Condition (CWE-367) vulnerability in Microsoft Windows 10 1809. Its CVSS base score is 7.3 (High).

Operationally, exploitation aligns with the MITRE ATT&CK technique Path Interception (T1034); ranked at the 35th percentile by exploit likelihood (below the median); it is not currently listed in the CISA KEV catalog.

The strongest mitigations our analysis identified map to AC-25 (Reference Monitor) and SA-11 (Developer Testing and Evaluation) — see the control section below for these in your framework.

EU & UK References

Vulnerability Data

Time-of-check time-of-use (toctou) race condition in Graphics Kernel allows an authorized attacker to execute code locally.

CWE(s)

Related Threats

MITRE ATT&CK Enterprise Techniques

T1034 Path Interception Persistence
**This technique has been deprecated.
T1068 Exploitation for Privilege Escalation Privilege Escalation
Adversaries may exploit software vulnerabilities in an attempt to elevate privileges.
T1190 Exploit Public-Facing Application Initial Access
Adversaries may attempt to exploit a weakness in an Internet-facing host or system to initially access a network.
T1203 Exploitation for Client Execution Execution
Adversaries may exploit software vulnerabilities in client applications to execute code.
T1210 Exploitation of Remote Services Lateral Movement
Adversaries may exploit remote services to gain unauthorized access to internal systems once inside of a network.
T1212 Exploitation for Credential Access Credential Access
Adversaries may exploit software vulnerabilities in an attempt to collect credentials.
Derived from this CVE’s CWE(s) via the direct CWE→ATT&CK cross-walk.

CVEs Like This One

CVE-2025-55696Same product: Microsoft Windows 10 1809
CVE-2026-35418Same product: Microsoft Windows 10 1809
CVE-2024-43452Same product: Microsoft Windows 10 1809
CVE-2025-55680Same product: Microsoft Windows 10 1809
CVE-2025-49730Same product: Microsoft Windows 10 1809
CVE-2026-20806Same product: Microsoft Windows 10 1809
CVE-2026-35417Same product: Microsoft Windows 10 1809
CVE-2026-20809Same product: Microsoft Windows 10 1809
CVE-2024-30034Same product: Microsoft Windows 10 1809
CVE-2025-53726Same product: Microsoft Windows 10 1809

Affected Assets

microsoft
windows 10 1809
≤ 10.0.17763.7792 · ≤ 10.0.17763.7792
microsoft
windows 10 21h2
≤ 10.0.19044.6332
microsoft
windows 10 22h2
≤ 10.0.19045.6332
microsoft
windows 11 22h2
≤ 10.0.22621.5909
microsoft
windows 11 23h2
≤ 10.0.22631.5909
microsoft
windows 11 24h2
≤ 10.0.26100.6508
microsoft
windows server 2019
≤ 10.0.17763.7792
microsoft
windows server 2022
≤ 10.0.20348.4106
microsoft
windows server 2022 23h2
≤ 10.0.25398.1849
microsoft
windows server 2025
≤ 10.0.26100.6508

Mitigating Controls

Control response

Prevent
Stop it (NIST 800-53)

Detect
Catch it (NIST detect / respond)

Harden
Shrink the surface (DISA STIG)

Validate
Prove the fix (OWASP ASVS)
  • V15.4.2
  • V17.2.6
  • V1.5.2
  • V3.2.3

Mitigating Controls (NIST 800-53 r5) AI

A reference monitor that is always invoked and analyzable structurally eliminates the non-atomic check-then-use pattern underlying TOCTOU.

Developer testing and evaluation (including fuzzing and type-aware analysis) directly finds type-confusion flaws before deployment.

Access enforcement that performs an atomic check-and-use decision directly stops the window in which a TOCTOU race can be exploited.

Engineering principles can require use of type-safe languages, static typing, and runtime type checks that structurally avoid allocating one type and accessing another.

Process isolation limits the blast radius of a successful TOCTOU exploitation but does not remove the race itself.

Memory-protection controls limit the blast radius when a type-confusion access occurs but do not stop the flaw itself.

Mitigating Controls (NIST CSF 2.0) AI

Derived directly from the weakness types (CWEs) cited in the NVD entry via our AI-authored CWE→CSF cross-walk (authority under review) — links open the control.

PR.PS-06 mostly match
prevents

Secure SDLC practices directly include coding standards and reviews that prevent TOCTOU race conditions.

Mitigating Controls (ISO/IEC 27001:2022 Annex A) AI

Derived directly from the weakness types (CWEs) cited in the NVD entry via our AI-authored CWE→ISO cross-walk (authority under review) — links open the control.

finds

Security testing in development can detect type-confusion vulnerabilities through fuzzing and static analysis.

prevents

Secure SDLC mandates type-safe design and review that can catch type-confusion flaws.

prevents

Application security requirements can specify strong typing and interface contracts that reduce type confusion.

prevents

Secure architecture principles promote type-safe languages and memory-safety mechanisms that mitigate type confusion.

prevents

Secure coding standards directly forbid unsafe type casts and require static-analysis checks for type confusion.

none

Reliable, synchronized time across systems narrows the exploitable window in which a resource state can change between a security check and its use.

References