CVE-2025-56752

Critical

Published: 03 September 2025

Published

03 September 2025

Modified

29 September 2025

KEV Added

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Patch

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CVSS Score 9.4 CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:L/A:H

EPSS Score 0.0033 55.8th percentile

Risk Priority 19 60% EPSS · 20% KEV · 20% CVSS

Summary

CVE-2025-56752 is a critical-severity Improper Authentication (CWE-287) vulnerability in Ruijie Rg-Es228Gs-P Firmware. Its CVSS base score is 9.4 (Critical).

Operationally, exploitation aligns with the MITRE ATT&CK technique Exploit Public-Facing Application (T1190); ranked in the top 44.2% of CVEs by exploit likelihood; it is not currently listed in the CISA KEV catalog.

The strongest mitigations our analysis identified are NIST 800-53 AC-17 (Remote Access) and SC-7 (Boundary Protection).

Threat & Defense at a Glance

What attackers do: exploitation maps to Exploit Public-Facing Application (T1190) and 1 other technique. What defenders deploy: see the NIST 800-53 controls recommended below.

Threat & Defense Details

Mitigating Controls (NIST 800-53 r5)AI

SI-2 Flaw Remediation good match

preventrecover

Directly addresses the CVE by requiring identification, reporting, and timely remediation of the authentication bypass flaw in the switch firmware.

SC-7 Boundary Protection good match

prevent

Monitors and controls external network communications to block remote attacker access to the vulnerable /user.cgi management endpoint.

AC-17 Remote Access good match

prevent

Establishes authorized remote access controls and managed interfaces for the switch's web management, preventing unauthenticated exploitation over the network.

MITRE ATT&CK Enterprise TechniquesAI

T1190 Exploit Public-Facing Application Initial Access

Adversaries may attempt to exploit a weakness in an Internet-facing host or system to initially access a network.

attack.mitre.org →

T1210 Exploitation of Remote Services Lateral Movement

Adversaries may exploit remote services to gain unauthorized access to internal systems once inside of a network.

attack.mitre.org →

Why these techniques?

The vulnerability enables remote attackers to bypass authentication via crafted HTTP POST requests to the web management interface (/user.cgi), facilitating exploitation of a public-facing application or remote service to gain full administrative control and alter settings.

NVD Description

A vulnerability in the Ruijie RG-ES series switch firmware ESW_1.0(1)B1P39 enables remote attackers to fully bypass authentication mechanisms, providing them with unrestricted access to alter administrative settings and potentially seize control of affected devices via crafted HTTP POST request to…

/user.cgi.

Deeper analysisAI

CVE-2025-56752, published on 2025-09-03, is an authentication bypass vulnerability in the Ruijie RG-ES series switch firmware version ESW_1.0(1)B1P39. It enables remote attackers to fully circumvent authentication mechanisms via a crafted HTTP POST request to the /user.cgi endpoint, granting unrestricted access to alter administrative settings and potentially seize control of affected devices. The issue is mapped to CWE-287 (Improper Authentication) and carries a CVSS v3.1 base score of 9.4 (AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:L/A:H), indicating high severity due to its network accessibility, low complexity, and significant impacts on confidentiality, integrity, and availability.

Remote, unauthenticated attackers can exploit this vulnerability over the network with no user interaction required. Upon successful exploitation, they gain full administrative privileges, allowing modifications to device configurations that could disrupt network operations or enable further compromise of connected infrastructure.

Mitigation guidance and additional details are available in the referenced advisory at https://github.com/TNCX-byte/Vulnerability_Research/blob/main/CVE-2025-56752/README.md.

Details

CWE(s): CWE-287