Cyber Resilience

CVE-2025-59210

Memory Safety in Microsoft Windows 11 24H2 ≤ 10.0.26100.6899

Published
14 October 2025
Modified
17 October 2025
Patch / advisory
CVSS Score v3.1 7.4
Click a component to see what it means
Raw vectorCVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
EPSS Score 0.0027 19th percentile
Risk Priority 55 floored blend · peak EPSS

Summary

CVE-2025-59210 is a high-severity Use After Free (CWE-416) vulnerability in Microsoft Windows 11 24H2. Its CVSS base score is 7.4 (High).

Operationally, exploitation aligns with the MITRE ATT&CK technique Exploitation for Privilege Escalation (T1068); ranked at the 19th percentile by exploit likelihood (below the median); it is not currently listed in the CISA KEV catalog.

The strongest mitigations our analysis identified map to SC-39 (Process Isolation) and SI-16 (Memory Protection) — see the control section below for these in your framework.

EU & UK References

Vulnerability Data

Windows Resilient File System (ReFS) Deduplication Service Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability

CWE(s)

Related Threats

MITRE ATT&CK Enterprise TechniquesAI

T1068 Exploitation for Privilege Escalation Privilege Escalation
Adversaries may exploit software vulnerabilities in an attempt to elevate privileges.
Why these techniques?

Local EoP vulnerability (CWE-416 use-after-free) in Windows ReFS Deduplication Service directly enables exploitation for privilege escalation.

Confidence: HIGH · MITRE ATT&CK Enterprise v19.0

CVEs Like This One

CVE-2025-55693Same product: Microsoft Windows 11 24H2
CVE-2025-55688Same product: Microsoft Windows 11 24H2
CVE-2025-55690Same product: Microsoft Windows 11 24H2
CVE-2025-59189Same product: Microsoft Windows 11 24H2
CVE-2026-20870Same product: Microsoft Windows 11 24H2
CVE-2025-59206Same product: Microsoft Windows 11 24H2
CVE-2025-55684Same product: Microsoft Windows 11 24H2
CVE-2026-20854Same product: Microsoft Windows 11 24H2
CVE-2026-20859Same product: Microsoft Windows 11 24H2
CVE-2025-55691Same product: Microsoft Windows 11 24H2

Affected Assets

microsoft
windows 11 24h2
≤ 10.0.26100.6899
microsoft
windows 11 25h2
≤ 10.0.26200.6899
microsoft
windows server 2025
≤ 10.0.26100.6899

Mitigating Controls

Control response

Prevent
Stop it (NIST 800-53)
Detect
Catch it (NIST detect / respond)

Harden
Shrink the surface (DISA STIG)
  • 3 hardening rules · 3 OS baselines
Validate
Prove the fix (OWASP ASVS)
  • V1.4.3

Mitigating Controls (NIST 800-53 r5) AI

prevent

Directly enforces memory protections that block use-after-free exploitation in the ReFS Deduplication Service.

prevent

Isolates processes so a compromised ReFS deduplication component cannot escalate privileges into other kernel or user contexts.

prevent

Ensures the deduplication service and callers operate with only the minimum privileges required, limiting the impact of any successful EoP.

Mitigating Controls (NIST CSF 2.0) AI

Derived directly from the weakness types (CWEs) cited in the NVD entry via our AI-authored CWE→CSF cross-walk (authority under review) — links open the control.

PR.PS-06 mostly match
prevents

Secure SDLC practices directly incorporate memory-safety tooling and reviews that prevent most use-after-free defects.

ID.RA-01 partial match
prevents

Vulnerability identification processes can discover use-after-free issues via scanning or analysis but do not prevent their introduction.

PR.PS-02 partial match
prevents

Routine patching removes known use-after-free instances after they have been introduced in released software.

Mitigating Controls (ISO/IEC 27001:2022 Annex A) AI

Derived directly from the weakness types (CWEs) cited in the NVD entry via our AI-authored CWE→ISO cross-walk (authority under review) — links open the control.

detects

Security testing in development can detect use-after-free bugs before release.

prevents

Secure SDLC mandates memory-safety practices that reduce use-after-free defects.

prevents

Application security requirements can specify memory-management rules that mitigate use-after-free.

prevents

Secure architecture principles include memory-safety design choices that limit use-after-free exposure.

prevents

Secure coding standards directly prescribe avoidance of use-after-free patterns.

prevents

Change-management processes help ensure memory-safety fixes are deployed consistently.

References