Cyber Resilience

CVE-2025-60720

Memory Safety in Microsoft Windows Server 2008 r2

Published
11 November 2025
Modified
17 November 2025
Patch / advisory
CVSS Score v3.1 7.8
Click a component to see what it means
Raw vectorCVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
EPSS Score 0.0039 32th percentile
Risk Priority 55 floored blend · peak EPSS

Summary

CVE-2025-60720 is a high-severity Buffer Over-read (CWE-126) vulnerability in Microsoft Windows Server 2008. Its CVSS base score is 7.8 (High).

Operationally, exploitation aligns with the MITRE ATT&CK technique Exploitation for Privilege Escalation (T1068); ranked at the 32th percentile by exploit likelihood (below the median); it is not currently listed in the CISA KEV catalog.

The strongest mitigations our analysis identified map to SI-10 (Information Input Validation) and SI-16 (Memory Protection) — see the control section below for these in your framework.

EU & UK References

Vulnerability Data

Buffer over-read in Windows TDX.sys allows an authorized attacker to elevate privileges locally.

CWE(s)

Related Threats

MITRE ATT&CK Enterprise TechniquesAI

T1068 Exploitation for Privilege Escalation Privilege Escalation
Adversaries may exploit software vulnerabilities in an attempt to elevate privileges.
Why these techniques?

Buffer over-read in Windows kernel driver (TDX.sys) directly enables local privilege escalation by an authorized attacker, matching Exploitation for Privilege Escalation.

Confidence: HIGH · MITRE ATT&CK Enterprise v19.0

CVEs Like This One

CVE-2025-62464Same product: Microsoft Windows 10 1809
CVE-2025-62462Same product: Microsoft Windows 10 1809
CVE-2025-62461Same product: Microsoft Windows 10 1809
CVE-2026-26184Same product: Microsoft Windows 10 1809
CVE-2025-62473Same product: Microsoft Windows 10 1607
CVE-2026-50435Same product: Microsoft Windows 10 1607
CVE-2026-50402Same product: Microsoft Windows 10 1607
CVE-2026-50372Same product: Microsoft Windows 10 1607
CVE-2025-62467Same product: Microsoft Windows 10 1809
CVE-2026-20846Same product: Microsoft Windows 10 1607

Affected Assets

microsoft
windows 10 1607
≤ 10.0.14393.8594 · ≤ 10.0.14393.8594
microsoft
windows 10 1809
≤ 10.0.17763.8027 · ≤ 10.0.17763.8027
microsoft
windows 10 21h2
≤ 10.0.19044.6575
microsoft
windows 10 22h2
≤ 10.0.19045.6575
microsoft
windows 11 23h2
≤ 10.0.22631.6199
microsoft
windows 11 24h2
≤ 10.0.26100.7092
microsoft
windows 11 25h2
≤ 10.0.26200.7092
microsoft
windows server 2008
all versions, r2
microsoft
windows server 2012
all versions, r2
microsoft
windows server 2016
≤ 10.0.14393.8594
+4 more product configuration(s) — see NVD for full list

Mitigating Controls

Control response

Prevent
Stop it (NIST 800-53)
  • SI-10 Information Input Validation
  • SI-16 Memory Protection
  • AC-6 Least Privilege
Detect
Catch it (NIST detect / respond)

Harden
Shrink the surface (DISA STIG)

Validate
Prove the fix (OWASP ASVS)

Mitigating Controls (NIST 800-53 r5) AI

prevent

Enforces bounds checking and input validation on data passed to TDX.sys, directly blocking the buffer over-read that enables local privilege escalation.

prevent

Applies memory protection mechanisms that constrain buffer accesses and prevent over-read exploitation within kernel drivers.

prevent

Restricts privileges of local authorized users, limiting the ability to reach or abuse the vulnerable TDX.sys code path for escalation.

Mitigating Controls (NIST CSF 2.0) AI

Derived directly from the weakness types (CWEs) cited in the NVD entry via our AI-authored CWE→CSF cross-walk (authority under review) — links open the control.

PR.PS-06 mostly match
prevents

Secure development practices directly prevent introduction of buffer over-read weaknesses.

ID.RA-01 partial match
prevents

Vulnerability identification processes can discover buffer over-read flaws via scanning or review.

PR.PS-02 partial match
prevents

Patching or replacing vulnerable software removes known instances of buffer over-read bugs.

Mitigating Controls (ISO/IEC 27001:2022 Annex A) AI

Derived directly from the weakness types (CWEs) cited in the NVD entry via our AI-authored CWE→ISO cross-walk (authority under review) — links open the control.

detects

Security testing in development can detect buffer over-reads before release.

prevents

Secure SDLC mandates input validation and bounds checking that can prevent buffer over-reads.

prevents

Application security requirements can specify buffer-size and bounds-checking rules.

prevents

Secure architecture principles include memory-safety and bounds-checking design choices.

prevents

Secure coding standards directly require bounds-checked buffer access, mitigating over-reads.

References