CVE-2025-60957

CriticalRCE

Published: 06 October 2025

Published

06 October 2025

Modified

10 October 2025

KEV Added

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Patch

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CVSS Score 9.9 CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H

EPSS Score 0.0016 36.0th percentile

Risk Priority 20 60% EPSS · 20% KEV · 20% CVSS

Summary

CVE-2025-60957 is a critical-severity OS Command Injection (CWE-78) vulnerability in Endruntechnologies Sonoma D12 Firmware. Its CVSS base score is 9.9 (Critical).

Operationally, exploitation aligns with the MITRE ATT&CK technique Exploit Public-Facing Application (T1190); ranked at the 36.0th percentile by exploit likelihood (below the median); it is not currently listed in the CISA KEV catalog.

The strongest mitigations our analysis identified are NIST 800-53 SI-10 (Information Input Validation) and SI-2 (Flaw Remediation).

Threat & Defense at a Glance

What attackers do: exploitation maps to Exploit Public-Facing Application (T1190) and 2 other techniques. What defenders deploy: see the NIST 800-53 controls recommended below.

Threat & Defense Details

Mitigating Controls (NIST 800-53 r5)AI

SI-10 Information Input Validation good match

prevent

Directly prevents OS command injection by implementing input validation mechanisms at entry points to block malicious command strings.

SI-2 Flaw Remediation good match

prevent

Requires timely identification, reporting, and remediation of flaws like this command injection vulnerability through firmware patching.

SI-16 Memory Protection partial match

prevent

Mitigates arbitrary code execution resulting from command injection via memory protections such as non-executable memory regions.

MITRE ATT&CK Enterprise TechniquesAI

T1190 Exploit Public-Facing Application Initial Access

Adversaries may attempt to exploit a weakness in an Internet-facing host or system to initially access a network.

attack.mitre.org →

T1059.004 Unix Shell Execution

Adversaries may abuse Unix shell commands and scripts for execution.

attack.mitre.org →

T1068 Exploitation for Privilege Escalation Privilege Escalation

Adversaries may exploit software vulnerabilities in an attempt to elevate privileges.

attack.mitre.org →

Why these techniques?

OS command injection in a public-facing network time server directly enables exploitation of public-facing application (T1190), command execution via Unix shell (T1059.004), and privilege escalation (T1068).

Confidence: HIGH · MITRE ATT&CK Enterprise v19.0

NVD Description

OS Command Injection vulnerability in EndRun Technologies Sonoma D12 Network Time Server (GPS) F/W 6010-0071-000 Ver 4.00 allows attackers to execute arbitrary code, cause a denial of service, gain escalated privileges, and gain sensitive information.

Deeper analysisAI

CVE-2025-60957 is an OS Command Injection vulnerability (CWE-78) in the EndRun Technologies Sonoma D12 Network Time Server (GPS) firmware version 6010-0071-000 Ver 4.00. Published on 2025-10-06T17:16:06.497, it carries a CVSS v3.1 base score of 9.9 (AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H), indicating critical severity due to its potential for severe impacts across multiple security principles.

Attackers with low privileges (PR:L) can exploit this vulnerability remotely over the network (AV:N) with low complexity (AC:L) and no user interaction (UI:N). Successful exploitation enables execution of arbitrary code, denial of service, privilege escalation, and disclosure of sensitive information, with high scope change (S:C) amplifying effects on confidentiality (C:H), integrity (I:H), and availability (A:H).

Advisories providing further details, including potential mitigations or patches, are available from EndRun Technologies at http://endrun.com, Sonoma at http://sonoma.com, and a researcher advisory at https://xdiv-sec.github.io/vulnerability-research/advisories/2025-10-03-sonoma-d12.