CVE-2025-60959

HighRCE

Published: 06 October 2025

Published

06 October 2025

Modified

10 October 2025

KEV Added

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Patch

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CVSS Score 8.2 CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:H/A:N

EPSS Score 0.0042 62.1th percentile

Risk Priority 17 60% EPSS · 20% KEV · 20% CVSS

Summary

CVE-2025-60959 is a high-severity OS Command Injection (CWE-78) vulnerability in Endruntechnologies Sonoma D12 Firmware. Its CVSS base score is 8.2 (High).

Operationally, exploitation aligns with the MITRE ATT&CK technique Exploit Public-Facing Application (T1190); ranked in the top 37.9% of CVEs by exploit likelihood; it is not currently listed in the CISA KEV catalog.

The strongest mitigations our analysis identified are NIST 800-53 SI-10 (Information Input Validation) and SI-2 (Flaw Remediation).

Threat & Defense at a Glance

What attackers do: exploitation maps to Exploit Public-Facing Application (T1190) and 1 other technique. What defenders deploy: see the NIST 800-53 controls recommended below.

Threat & Defense Details

Mitigating Controls (NIST 800-53 r5)AI

SI-10 Information Input Validation good match

prevent

Directly counters OS command injection by requiring the time server firmware to implement input validation mechanisms at entry points, preventing malicious command insertion.

SI-2 Flaw Remediation good match

prevent

Mandates timely identification, reporting, and correction of the specific command injection flaw in firmware version 6010-0071-000 Ver 4.00 via patches or updates.

SI-9 Information Input Restrictions good match

prevent

Restricts inputs to the vulnerable interface to safe types, formats, and volumes, blocking oversized or malformed payloads used in command injection exploits.

MITRE ATT&CK Enterprise TechniquesAI

T1190 Exploit Public-Facing Application Initial Access

Adversaries may attempt to exploit a weakness in an Internet-facing host or system to initially access a network.

attack.mitre.org →

T1059.004 Unix Shell Execution

Adversaries may abuse Unix shell commands and scripts for execution.

attack.mitre.org →

Why these techniques?

OS command injection vulnerability in public-facing network time server firmware directly enables exploitation of public-facing application (T1190) and adversary execution of Unix shell commands (T1059.004).

Confidence: HIGH · MITRE ATT&CK Enterprise v19.0

NVD Description

OS Command Injection vulnerability in EndRun Technologies Sonoma D12 Network Time Server (GPS) F/W 6010-0071-000 Ver 4.00 allows attackers to gain sensitive information.

Deeper analysisAI

CVE-2025-60959 is an OS Command Injection vulnerability (CWE-78) in EndRun Technologies Sonoma D12 Network Time Server (GPS) firmware version 6010-0071-000 Ver 4.00. Published on 2025-10-06T17:16:06.737, it carries a CVSS v3.1 base score of 8.2 (AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:H/A:N) and enables attackers to gain sensitive information through improper handling of OS commands.

Remote, unauthenticated attackers can exploit this vulnerability over the network with low attack complexity and no user interaction. Exploitation grants limited confidentiality access to sensitive data alongside high integrity impact, allowing potential command injection that compromises system integrity without disrupting availability.

Advisories and vendor resources provide further details on the issue. Key references include EndRun Technologies at http://endrun.com, Sonoma at http://sonoma.com, and a vulnerability research advisory at https://xdiv-sec.github.io/vulnerability-research/advisories/2025-10-03-sonoma-d12.