CVE-2025-61128

Critical

Published: 28 October 2025

Published

28 October 2025

Modified

15 April 2026

KEV Added

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Patch

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CVSS Score v3.1 9.1 CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:H

EPSS Score 0.0017 37.5th percentile

Risk Priority 18 60% EPSS · 20% KEV · 20% CVSS

Summary

CVE-2025-61128 is a critical-severity Stack-based Buffer Overflow (CWE-121) vulnerability. Its CVSS base score is 9.1 (Critical).

Operationally, exploitation aligns with the MITRE ATT&CK technique Exploit Public-Facing Application (T1190); ranked at the 37.5th percentile by exploit likelihood (below the median); it is not currently listed in the CISA KEV catalog.

The strongest mitigations our analysis identified are NIST 800-53 SI-10 (Information Input Validation) and SI-16 (Memory Protection).

Deeper analysis

CVE-2025-61128 is a stack-based buffer overflow vulnerability (CWE-121) in the WAVLINK QUANTUM D3G/WL-WN530HG3 firmware version M30HG3_V240730, and possibly other Wavlink models. The flaw occurs in the login.cgi component, where a crafted referrer value in a POST request triggers the overflow, enabling arbitrary code execution. Published on 2025-10-28, it carries a CVSS v3.1 base score of 9.1 (AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:H).

Remote attackers can exploit this vulnerability without authentication, privileges, or user interaction, requiring only network access and low attack complexity. By sending a malicious POST request to login.cgi with a specially crafted referrer value, attackers achieve arbitrary code execution on the affected device, resulting in high impacts to confidentiality and availability.

Advisories reference a GitHub gist at https://gist.github.com/shinobu-alpha/6dd5ad7f83c16360f6564db0bc121e99 for additional details, though specific patch or mitigation guidance is not detailed in the CVE description.

EU & UK References

🇪🇺 ENISA EUVD: EUVD-2025-36534

Vulnerability details

Stack-based buffer overflow vulnerability in WAVLINK QUANTUM D3G/WL-WN530HG3 firmware M30HG3_V240730, and possibly other wavlink models allows attackers to execute arbitrary code via crafted referrer value POST to login.cgi.

CWE(s): CWE-121

Related Threats

MITRE ATT&CK Enterprise TechniquesAI

T1190 Exploit Public-Facing Application Initial Access

Adversaries may attempt to exploit a weakness in an Internet-facing host or system to initially access a network.

attack.mitre.org →

Why these techniques?

The vulnerability is a stack-based buffer overflow in the public-facing login.cgi web component of a router firmware, enabling remote unauthenticated arbitrary code execution via a crafted POST request referrer, directly mapping to exploitation of public-facing applications.

Confidence: HIGH · MITRE ATT&CK Enterprise v19.0