CVE-2025-62394
Access Control in Moodle 4.5.0 – 4.5.7
Raw vector
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:NSummary
CVE-2025-62394 is a medium-severity Incorrect Authorization (CWE-863) vulnerability in Moodle Moodle. Its CVSS base score is 4.3 (Medium).
Operationally, exploitation aligns with the MITRE ATT&CK technique Data from Information Repositories (T1213); ranked at the 12th percentile by exploit likelihood (below the median); it is not currently listed in the CISA KEV catalog.
The strongest mitigations our analysis identified map to AC-3 (Access Enforcement) and AC-4 (Information Flow Enforcement) — see the control section below for these in your framework.
OWASP Top 10 for Web (2025)
EU & UK References
- 🇪🇺 ENISA EUVD: EUVD-2025-35672
Vulnerability Data
Moodle failed to verify enrolment status correctly when sending quiz notifications. As a result, suspended or inactive users might receive quiz-related messages, leaking limited course information.
- CWE(s)
Related Threats
MITRE ATT&CK Enterprise TechniquesAI
Why these techniques?
The vulnerability in Moodle enables information disclosure of limited course details via quiz notifications sent to suspended or inactive enrolled users, facilitating data collection from an information repository.
CVEs Like This One
Affected Assets
Mitigating Controls
Control response
Mitigating Controls (NIST 800-53 r5) AI
Directly enforces authorization decisions so that quiz notifications are only sent to currently enrolled/active users, preventing the exact authorization bypass in CVE-2025-62394.
Enforces information-flow rules that block transmission of course/quiz data to users whose enrolment attributes are inactive or suspended.
Limits privileges to only active enrolments, ensuring suspended accounts cannot receive notifications that disclose course information.
Mitigating Controls (NIST CSF 2.0) AI
Derived directly from the weakness types (CWEs) cited in the NVD entry via our AI-authored CWE→CSF cross-walk (authority under review) — links open the control.
Defining, enforcing, and reviewing access authorizations and least privilege directly prevents incorrect authorization checks.
Mitigating Controls (ISO/IEC 27001:2022 Annex A) AI
Derived directly from the weakness types (CWEs) cited in the NVD entry via our AI-authored CWE→ISO cross-walk (authority under review) — links open the control.
Requiring consistency between access rights and classification plus formal approval steps ensures that the authorization logic correctly distinguishes between entities that should and should not be granted access.
Enforcing policy-driven approval and role-change reviews stops incorrect or stale authorization decisions from remaining in effect after job changes or terminations.
By tying access rights to identity, device, location and classification, the control reduces the likelihood that an authorization decision will be based on an incorrect or bypassed policy.