Cyber Resilience

CVE-2025-3647

Access Control in Moodle ≤ 4.1.18

Published
25 April 2025
Modified
17 June 2026
Patch / advisory
CVSS Score v3.1 4.3
Click a component to see what it means
Raw vectorCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N
EPSS Score 0.0031 23th percentile
Risk Priority 35 floored blend · peak EPSS

Summary

CVE-2025-3647 is a medium-severity Incorrect Authorization (CWE-863) vulnerability in Moodle Moodle. Its CVSS base score is 4.3 (Medium).

Operationally, exploitation aligns with the MITRE ATT&CK technique Permission Groups Discovery (T1069); ranked at the 23th percentile by exploit likelihood (below the median); it is not currently listed in the CISA KEV catalog.

The strongest mitigations our analysis identified map to AC-3 (Access Enforcement) and AC-4 (Information Flow Enforcement) — see the control section below for these in your framework.

OWASP Top 10 for Web (2025)

EU & UK References

Vulnerability Data

A flaw was discovered in Moodle. Additional checks were required to ensure that users can only access cohort data they are authorized to retrieve.

CWE(s)

Related Threats

MITRE ATT&CK Enterprise TechniquesAI

T1069 Permission Groups Discovery Discovery
Adversaries may attempt to discover group and permission settings.
T1087 Account Discovery Discovery
Adversaries may attempt to get a listing of valid accounts, usernames, or email addresses on a system or within a compromised environment.
T1213 Data from Information Repositories Collection
Adversaries may leverage information repositories to mine valuable information.
Why these techniques?

Vulnerability enables unauthorized access to Moodle cohort data (user groups and account lists), facilitating permission groups discovery (T1069), account discovery (T1087), and data collection from information repositories (T1213).

CVEs Like This One

CVE-2025-62394Same product: Moodle Moodle
CVE-2025-3645Same product: Moodle Moodle
CVE-2025-26526Same product: Moodle Moodle
CVE-2024-43433Same product: Moodle Moodle
CVE-2025-26531Same product: Moodle Moodle
CVE-2025-67856Same product: Moodle Moodle
CVE-2025-26532Same product: Moodle Moodle
CVE-2025-3644Same product: Moodle Moodle
CVE-2025-62395Same product: Moodle Moodle
CVE-2025-3627Same product: Moodle Moodle

Affected Assets

moodle
moodle
≤ 4.1.18 · 4.3.0 — 4.3.12 · 4.4.0 — 4.4.8

Mitigating Controls

Control response

Prevent
Stop it (NIST 800-53)
  • AC-3 Access Enforcement
  • AC-6 Least Privilege
  • AC-4 Information Flow Enforcement
Detect
Catch it (NIST detect / respond)

Harden
Shrink the surface (DISA STIG)
  • 5 hardening rules · 3 OS baselines
Validate
Prove the fix (OWASP ASVS)

Mitigating Controls (NIST 800-53 r5) AI

prevent

Directly enforces authorization checks so users can retrieve only the cohort data they are permitted to access.

prevent

Limits each user to the minimum privileges required, reducing the chance of unauthorized cohort data exposure.

prevent

Enforces information-flow rules that restrict cohort data from flowing to users lacking explicit authorization.

Mitigating Controls (NIST CSF 2.0) AI

Derived directly from the weakness types (CWEs) cited in the NVD entry via our AI-authored CWE→CSF cross-walk (authority under review) — links open the control.

PR.AA-05 mostly match
prevents

Defining, enforcing, and reviewing access authorizations and least privilege directly prevents incorrect authorization checks.

Mitigating Controls (ISO/IEC 27001:2022 Annex A) AI

Derived directly from the weakness types (CWEs) cited in the NVD entry via our AI-authored CWE→ISO cross-walk (authority under review) — links open the control.

prevents

Requiring consistency between access rights and classification plus formal approval steps ensures that the authorization logic correctly distinguishes between entities that should and should not be granted access.

prevents

Enforcing policy-driven approval and role-change reviews stops incorrect or stale authorization decisions from remaining in effect after job changes or terminations.

prevents

By tying access rights to identity, device, location and classification, the control reduces the likelihood that an authorization decision will be based on an incorrect or bypassed policy.

References