CVE-2025-66404

CVE-2025-66404 is a command injection vulnerability (CWE-77) in the exec_in_pod tool of the mcp-server-kubernetes MCP Server, which connects to and manages Kubernetes clusters. In versions prior to 2.9.8, the tool accepts user-provided commands in both array and string formats. String-format commands are passed directly to shell interpretation via sh -c without input validation, enabling interpretation of shell metacharacters.

The vulnerability has a CVSS v3.1 base score of 6.4 (AV:N/AC:H/PR:H/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H), indicating exploitation over the network but requiring high attack complexity, high privileges, and user interaction. Attackers with sufficient privileges can exploit it through direct command injection by supplying malicious strings or via indirect prompt injection attacks, where AI agents execute unintended commands on Kubernetes pods without explicit user intent, potentially leading to high-impact confidentiality, integrity, and availability compromises.

The vulnerability is fixed in version 2.9.8, as detailed in the project's GitHub security advisory (GHSA-wvxp-jp4w-w8wg) and the corresponding commit (d091107ff92d9ffad1b3c295092f142d6578c48b). Security practitioners should upgrade to 2.9.8 or later and review usage of the exec_in_pod tool, particularly in environments integrating AI agents.

This issue highlights risks in AI/ML-adjacent tools interfacing with infrastructure like Kubernetes, where prompt injection can bypass intended controls. No public evidence of real-world exploitation is available at publication.