Cyber Resilience

CVE-2025-69647

DoS in Gnu Binutils ≤ 2.45.1

Public PoCDoS
Published
09 March 2026
Modified
13 March 2026
Patch / advisory
CVSS Score v3.1 6.2
Click a component to see what it means
Raw vectorCVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H
EPSS Score 0.0015 5th percentile
Risk Priority 35 floored blend · peak EPSS

Summary

CVE-2025-69647 is a medium-severity Infinite Loop (CWE-835) vulnerability in Gnu Binutils. Its CVSS base score is 6.2 (Medium).

Operationally, exploitation aligns with the MITRE ATT&CK technique Application or System Exploitation (T1499.004); ranked at the 5th percentile by exploit likelihood (below the median); it is not currently listed in the CISA KEV catalog; a public proof-of-concept is referenced.

The strongest mitigations our analysis identified map to SI-2 (Flaw Remediation) and SI-4 (System Monitoring) — see the control section below for these in your framework.

EU & UK References

Vulnerability Data

GNU Binutils thru 2.45.1 readelf contains a denial-of-service vulnerability when processing a crafted binary with malformed DWARF loclists data. A logic flaw in the DWARF parsing code can cause readelf to repeatedly print the same table output without making forward…

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progress, resulting in an unbounded output loop that never terminates unless externally interrupted. A local attacker can trigger this behavior by supplying a malicious input file, causing excessive CPU and I/O usage and preventing readelf from completing its analysis.

CWE(s)

Related Threats

MITRE ATT&CK Enterprise TechniquesAI

T1499.004 Application or System Exploitation Impact
Adversaries may exploit software vulnerabilities that can cause an application or system to crash and deny availability to users.
Why these techniques?

Infinite loop DoS in readelf via crafted DWARF input directly matches application exploitation for endpoint DoS.

Confidence: HIGH · MITRE ATT&CK Enterprise v19.0

CVEs Like This One

CVE-2025-69648Same product: Gnu Binutils
CVE-2025-69646Same product: Gnu Binutils
CVE-2025-11413Same product: Gnu Binutils
CVE-2025-69650Same product: Gnu Binutils
CVE-2025-11839Same product: Gnu Binutils
CVE-2025-66861Same product: Gnu Binutils
CVE-2025-66865Same product: Gnu Binutils
CVE-2025-66863Same product: Gnu Binutils
CVE-2025-66864Same product: Gnu Binutils
CVE-2025-11840Same product: Gnu Binutils

Affected Assets

gnu
binutils
≤ 2.45.1

Mitigating Controls

Control response

Prevent
Stop it (NIST 800-53)
  • SI-2 Flaw Remediation
  • CM-7 Least Functionality
Detect
Catch it (NIST detect / respond)
  • SI-4 System Monitoring
Harden
Shrink the surface (DISA STIG)

Validate
Prove the fix (OWASP ASVS)

Mitigating Controls (NIST 800-53 r5) AI

prevent

Directly requires applying patches or updates to remediate the infinite-loop flaw in readelf's DWARF loclists parser before a malicious binary can be processed.

detect

Enables monitoring of process behavior (CPU, I/O, or output volume) to identify when readelf enters the unbounded output loop triggered by malformed input.

prevent

Restricts execution of the vulnerable readelf binary or limits its use to only trusted, pre-validated files, reducing exposure to crafted DWARF data.

Mitigating Controls (NIST CSF 2.0) AI

Derived directly from the weakness types (CWEs) cited in the NVD entry via our AI-authored CWE→CSF cross-walk (authority under review) — links open the control.

PR.PS-06 mostly match
prevents

Secure SDLC practices (reviews, testing, static analysis) directly prevent introduction of infinite-loop defects.

ID.RA-01 partial match
prevents

Static analysis and vuln scanning during asset assessment can detect unreachable loop exits.

Mitigating Controls (ISO/IEC 27001:2022 Annex A) AI

Derived directly from the weakness types (CWEs) cited in the NVD entry via our AI-authored CWE→ISO cross-walk (authority under review) — links open the control.

detects

Security testing can uncover infinite-loop conditions before release.

prevents

Secure development life cycle mandates practices that can detect and prevent infinite-loop defects.

prevents

Application security requirements can specify loop-termination rules, indirectly reducing the weakness.

prevents

Secure coding standards directly address loop termination and prevent infinite loops.

none

Secure architecture principles encourage designs that avoid unreachable exit conditions.

none

Change management can require review of loop logic when code is modified.

References