Cyber Resilience

CVE-2025-69648

DoS in Gnu Binutils ≤ 2.45.1

Public PoCDoS
Published
09 March 2026
Modified
13 March 2026
Patch / advisory
CVSS Score v3.1 6.2
Click a component to see what it means
Raw vectorCVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H
EPSS Score 0.0018 7th percentile
Risk Priority 35 floored blend · peak EPSS

Summary

CVE-2025-69648 is a medium-severity Infinite Loop (CWE-835) vulnerability in Gnu Binutils. Its CVSS base score is 6.2 (Medium).

Operationally, exploitation aligns with the MITRE ATT&CK technique Application or System Exploitation (T1499.004); ranked at the 7th percentile by exploit likelihood (below the median); it is not currently listed in the CISA KEV catalog; a public proof-of-concept is referenced.

The strongest mitigations our analysis identified map to SI-10 (Information Input Validation) and SI-2 (Flaw Remediation) — see the control section below for these in your framework.

EU & UK References

Vulnerability Data

GNU Binutils thru 2.45.1 readelf contains a denial-of-service vulnerability when processing a crafted binary with malformed DWARF .debug_rnglists data. A logic flaw in the DWARF parsing path causes readelf to repeatedly print the same warning message without making forward progress,…

more

resulting in a non-terminating output loop that requires manual interruption. No evidence of memory corruption or code execution was observed.

CWE(s)

Related Threats

MITRE ATT&CK Enterprise TechniquesAI

T1499.004 Application or System Exploitation Impact
Adversaries may exploit software vulnerabilities that can cause an application or system to crash and deny availability to users.
Why these techniques?

Infinite loop DoS in readelf binary parser enables application exploitation for endpoint denial of service via crafted malicious file input.

Confidence: MEDIUM · MITRE ATT&CK Enterprise v19.0

CVEs Like This One

CVE-2025-69647Same product: Gnu Binutils
CVE-2025-69646Same product: Gnu Binutils
CVE-2025-11413Same product: Gnu Binutils
CVE-2025-69650Same product: Gnu Binutils
CVE-2025-11839Same product: Gnu Binutils
CVE-2025-66861Same product: Gnu Binutils
CVE-2025-66865Same product: Gnu Binutils
CVE-2025-66863Same product: Gnu Binutils
CVE-2025-66864Same product: Gnu Binutils
CVE-2025-11840Same product: Gnu Binutils

Affected Assets

gnu
binutils
≤ 2.45.1

Mitigating Controls

Control response

Prevent
Stop it (NIST 800-53)
  • SI-2 Flaw Remediation
  • SI-10 Information Input Validation
  • SI-3 Malicious Code Protection
Detect
Catch it (NIST detect / respond)
  • SI-3 Malicious Code Protection
Harden
Shrink the surface (DISA STIG)

Validate
Prove the fix (OWASP ASVS)

Mitigating Controls (NIST 800-53 r5) AI

prevent

Directly requires timely patching or replacement of the vulnerable readelf DWARF parser to eliminate the infinite-loop flaw on malformed .debug_rnglists data.

prevent

Mandates validation of input data structures, which would reject or safely handle the malformed DWARF range-list sections before the unbounded warning loop is entered.

preventdetect

Malicious-code or content-filtering mechanisms can treat crafted binaries as untrusted input and block or sandbox readelf processing that exhibits the non-terminating behavior.

Mitigating Controls (NIST CSF 2.0) AI

Derived directly from the weakness types (CWEs) cited in the NVD entry via our AI-authored CWE→CSF cross-walk (authority under review) — links open the control.

PR.PS-06 mostly match
prevents

Secure SDLC practices (reviews, testing, static analysis) directly prevent introduction of infinite-loop defects.

ID.RA-01 partial match
prevents

Static analysis and vuln scanning during asset assessment can detect unreachable loop exits.

Mitigating Controls (ISO/IEC 27001:2022 Annex A) AI

Derived directly from the weakness types (CWEs) cited in the NVD entry via our AI-authored CWE→ISO cross-walk (authority under review) — links open the control.

detects

Security testing can uncover infinite-loop conditions before release.

prevents

Secure development life cycle mandates practices that can detect and prevent infinite-loop defects.

prevents

Application security requirements can specify loop-termination rules, indirectly reducing the weakness.

prevents

Secure coding standards directly address loop termination and prevent infinite loops.

none

Secure architecture principles encourage designs that avoid unreachable exit conditions.

none

Change management can require review of loop logic when code is modified.

References