Cyber Resilience

CVE-2025-7423

HighPublic PoC

Published: 11 July 2025

Published
11 July 2025
Modified
16 July 2025
KEV Added
Patch
CVSS Score v4 7.4 CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:P/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X
EPSS Score 0.0157 81.9th percentile
Risk Priority 16 60% EPSS · 20% KEV · 20% CVSS

Summary

CVE-2025-7423 is a high-severity Improper Restriction of Operations within the Bounds of a Memory Buffer (CWE-119) vulnerability in Tenda O3 Firmware. Its CVSS base score is 7.4 (High).

Operationally, exploitation aligns with the MITRE ATT&CK technique Exploit Public-Facing Application (T1190); ranked in the top 18.1% of CVEs by exploit likelihood; it is not currently listed in the CISA KEV catalog; a public proof-of-concept is referenced.

The strongest mitigations our analysis identified are NIST 800-53 SI-10 (Information Input Validation) and SI-16 (Memory Protection).

Deeper analysis

A critical stack-based buffer overflow vulnerability, tracked as CVE-2025-7423 and also associated with CWE-119 and CWE-121, affects the Tenda O3V2 wireless device running firmware version 1.0.0.12(3880). The flaw resides in the formWifiMacFilterSet function within the /goform/setWrlFilterList endpoint of the httpd component; unsanitized input supplied to the macList argument can overflow a stack buffer.

The vulnerability is remotely exploitable by an attacker who can reach the device's web interface with low privileges. Successful exploitation grants the ability to execute arbitrary code or crash the httpd process, resulting in high impact to confidentiality, integrity, and availability on the affected device.

Public proof-of-concept code has been disclosed via GitHub and Vuldb, confirming that the issue is known and reproducible, though the EPSS score has remained flat at 0.0157 with no observed increase after publication. No vendor advisory or patch information is referenced in the available sources.

EU & UK References

Vulnerability details

A vulnerability classified as critical was found in Tenda O3V2 1.0.0.12(3880). Affected by this vulnerability is the function formWifiMacFilterSet of the file /goform/setWrlFilterList of the component httpd. The manipulation of the argument macList leads to stack-based buffer overflow. The attack…

more

can be launched remotely. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used.

CWE(s)

Related Threats

MITRE ATT&CK Enterprise TechniquesAI

T1190 Exploit Public-Facing Application Initial Access
Adversaries may attempt to exploit a weakness in an Internet-facing host or system to initially access a network.
Why these techniques?

Stack-based buffer overflow in the publicly accessible httpd web interface (/goform/setWrlFilterList) of the Tenda O3V2 router enables remote code execution, facilitating exploitation of public-facing applications for initial access.

CVEs Like This One

CVE-2025-7417Same product: Tenda O3
CVE-2025-7418Same product: Tenda O3
CVE-2025-7422Same product: Tenda O3
CVE-2025-7419Same product: Tenda O3
CVE-2025-7421Same product: Tenda O3
CVE-2025-7420Same product: Tenda O3
CVE-2025-7416Same product: Tenda O3
CVE-2025-55613Same product: Tenda O3
CVE-2025-12212Same product: Tenda O3
CVE-2025-12211Same product: Tenda O3

Affected Assets

tenda
o3 firmware
1.0.0.12\(3880\)

Mitigating Controls

Mitigating Controls (NIST 800-53 r5) AI

prevent

Mandates validation of the macList argument in formWifiMacFilterSet to reject oversized or malformed inputs that trigger the stack-based buffer overflow.

prevent

Deploys stack canaries, address space layout randomization, and non-executable stack protections to block exploitation of the stack buffer overflow even if invalid input is processed.

prevent

Requires timely patching or firmware updates to remediate the specific buffer overflow vulnerability in the Tenda O3V2 httpd component.

References