Cyber Resilience

CVE-2026-27494

N8N ≤ 1.123.22

Published
25 February 2026
Modified
05 March 2026
Patch / advisory
CVSS Score v4 7.1
Click a component to see what it means
Raw vectorCVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:H/VI:N/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X
EPSS Score 0.0035 28th percentile
Risk Priority 36 floored blend · peak EPSS

Summary

CVE-2026-27494 is a high-severity Exposure of Sensitive System Information to an Unauthorized Control Sphere (CWE-497) vulnerability in N8N N8N. Its CVSS base score is 7.1 (High).

Operationally, exploitation aligns with the MITRE ATT&CK technique System Information Discovery (T1082); ranked at the 28th percentile by exploit likelihood (below the median); it is not currently listed in the CISA KEV catalog.

The strongest mitigations our analysis identified map to AC-3 (Access Enforcement) and AC-4 (Information Flow Enforcement) — see the control section below for these in your framework.

Deeper analysis AI-assisted summary

Synthesised by an AI model from the NVD description and linked references — a reading aid, not an authoritative source.

CVE-2026-27494 is a sandbox escape vulnerability in n8n, an open source workflow automation platform. Affecting versions prior to 2.10.1, 2.9.3, and 1.123.22, the issue resides in the Python Code node, which fails to sufficiently restrict access to certain built-in Python objects. This allows an authenticated user with permission to create or modify workflows to bypass sandbox protections, enabling file content exfiltration or remote code execution (RCE). The vulnerability carries a CVSS v3.1 base score of 9.9 (AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H) and is associated with CWE-497 (Legacy Detected: Side Channel Information Leak).

An attacker requires low-privilege authentication and workflow creation or modification permissions to exploit this via a malicious Python Code node. On default configurations using internal Task Runners, successful exploitation leads to full compromise of the n8n host. In setups with external Task Runners enabled via the N8N_RUNNERS_ENABLED=true environment variable, the attacker could gain access to or disrupt other tasks executed on the Task Runner.

The vulnerability is patched in n8n versions 2.10.1, 2.9.3, and 1.123.22; users are advised to upgrade immediately. As interim mitigations, administrators should restrict workflow creation and editing to fully trusted users and/or disable the Code node by setting the NODES_EXCLUDE environment variable to include n8n-nodes-base.code. These workarounds provide only partial protection and are not substitutes for patching. Details are available in the n8n security advisory (GHSA-mmgg-m5j7-f83h) and release notes for the fixed versions.

OWASP Top 10 for Web (2025)

EU & UK References

Vulnerability Data

n8n is an open source workflow automation platform. Prior to versions 2.10.1, 2.9.3, and 1.123.22, an authenticated user with permission to create or modify workflows could use the Python Code node to escape the sandbox. The sandbox did not sufficiently…

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restrict access to certain built-in Python objects, allowing an attacker to exfiltrate file contents or achieve RCE. On instances using internal Task Runners (default runner mode), this could result in full compromise of the n8n host. On instances using external Task Runners, the attacker might gain access to or impact other task executed on the Task Runner. Task Runners must be enabled using `N8N_RUNNERS_ENABLED=true`. The issue has been fixed in n8n versions 2.10.1, 2.9.3, and 1.123.22. Users should upgrade to this version or later to remediate the vulnerability. If upgrading is not immediately possible, administrators should consider the following temporary mitigations. Limit workflow creation and editing permissions to fully trusted users only., and/or disable the Code node by adding `n8n-nodes-base.code` to the `NODES_EXCLUDE` environment variable. These workarounds do not fully remediate the risk and should only be used as short-term mitigation measures.

CWE(s)

Related Threats

MITRE ATT&CK Enterprise Techniques

T1082 System Information Discovery Discovery
An adversary may attempt to get detailed information about the operating system and hardware, including version, patches, hotfixes, service packs, and architecture.
T1614 System Location Discovery Discovery
Derived from this CVE’s CWE(s) via the direct CWE→ATT&CK cross-walk.

CVEs Like This One

CVE-2026-54304Same product: N8N N8N
CVE-2025-61917Same product: N8N N8N
CVE-2026-59209Same product: N8N N8N
CVE-2026-54305Same product: N8N N8N
CVE-2026-42229Same product: N8N N8N
CVE-2026-56353Same product: N8N N8N
CVE-2026-54314Same product: N8N N8N
CVE-2026-59206Same product: N8N N8N
CVE-2026-33665Same product: N8N N8N
CVE-2026-54307Same product: N8N N8N

Affected Assets

n8n
n8n
≤ 1.123.22 · 2.0.0 — 2.9.3 · 2.10.0 — 2.10.1

Mitigating Controls

Control response

Prevent
Stop it (NIST 800-53)

Detect
Catch it (NIST detect / respond)

Harden
Shrink the surface (DISA STIG)
  • 5 hardening rules · 4 OS baselines
Validate
Prove the fix (OWASP ASVS)
  • V14.1.2

Mitigating Controls (NIST 800-53 r5) AI

Enforces approved authorizations for logical access, directly stopping unauthorized actors from reaching sensitive system information.

Enforces information flow policies that block sensitive system data from crossing into unauthorized control spheres.

Limits privileges so that only the minimum necessary access is granted, reducing the chance of exposing system-level details.

Controls communications at external and key internal boundaries to keep sensitive system information inside authorized spheres.

Mitigating Controls (NIST CSF 2.0) AI

Derived directly from the weakness types (CWEs) cited in the NVD entry via our AI-authored CWE→CSF cross-walk (authority under review) — links open the control.

PR.AA-05 mostly match
prevents

Enforcing least-privilege access permissions directly prevents unauthorized actors from reaching sensitive system information.

PR.IR-01 mostly match
prevents

Protecting environments from unauthorized logical access stops exposure of internal system details to outsiders.

PR.PS-06 partial match
prevents

Secure-development practices reduce the chance of code paths that leak sensitive system information.

Mitigating Controls (ISO/IEC 27001:2022 Annex A) AI

Derived directly from the weakness types (CWEs) cited in the NVD entry via our AI-authored CWE→ISO cross-walk (authority under review) — links open the control.

none

Keeping internal maps, directories, and signage from public view prevents disclosure of system or facility details that could aid reconnaissance or targeted attacks.

Hardening callouts derived

Configuration rules from DISA STIG baselines that bear on weaknesses of the type cited by this CVE. Each rule is shown with the relationship its mapping actually records, against the CWE it was authored against. Derived via CVE→CWE over `controls_xwalks` (authoritative rows only; rows rated `none` are excluded).

Oracle Linux 8 (2 rules)
  • V-248551 A sticky bit must be set on all OL 8 public directories to prevent unauthorized and unintended information transferred via shared system resources. prevents CWE-497
  • V-248580 OL 8 must prevent kernel profiling by unprivileged users. prevents CWE-497
RHEL 8 (1 rule)
  • V-230270 RHEL 8 must prevent kernel profiling by unprivileged users. prevents CWE-497
Ubuntu 22.04 (1 rule)
  • V-260470 Ubuntu 22.04 LTS, when booted, must require authentication upon booting into single-user and maintenance modes. prevents CWE-497
Ubuntu 24.04 (1 rule)
  • V-270675 Ubuntu 24.04 LTS when booted must require authentication upon booting into single-user and maintenance modes. prevents CWE-497

References