Cyber Resilience

CVE-2026-45584

High

Published: 20 May 2026

Published
20 May 2026
Modified
20 May 2026
KEV Added
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Patch
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CVSS Score v3.1 8.1 CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
EPSS Score 0.0085 53.7th percentile
Risk Priority 55 floored blend · peak EPSS

Summary

CVE-2026-45584 is a high-severity Heap-based Buffer Overflow (CWE-122) vulnerability in Microsoft Malware Protection Engine. Its CVSS base score is 8.1 (High).

Operationally, exploitation aligns with the MITRE ATT&CK technique Exploit Public-Facing Application (T1190); ranked in the top 46.3% of CVEs by exploit likelihood; it is not currently listed in the CISA KEV catalog.

EU & UK References

Vulnerability details

Heap-based buffer overflow in Microsoft Defender allows an unauthorized attacker to execute code over a network.

CWE(s)
CWE-122

Related Threats

MITRE ATT&CK Enterprise TechniquesAI

T1190 Exploit Public-Facing Application Initial Access
Adversaries may attempt to exploit a weakness in an Internet-facing host or system to initially access a network.
attack.mitre.org →
Why these techniques?

Heap buffer overflow in network-reachable Microsoft Defender component directly enables remote code execution matching T1190.

Confidence: HIGH · MITRE ATT&CK Enterprise v19.0

CVEs Like This One

CVE-2025-21368Same vendor: Microsoft
CVE-2026-20868Same vendor: Microsoft
CVE-2025-60724Same vendor: Microsoft
CVE-2026-41091Same product: Microsoft Malware Protection Engine
CVE-2025-53766Same vendor: Microsoft
CVE-2025-21273Same vendor: Microsoft
CVE-2025-49672Same vendor: Microsoft
CVE-2025-49669Same vendor: Microsoft
CVE-2025-49753Same vendor: Microsoft
CVE-2025-49673Same vendor: Microsoft

Affected Assets

microsoft
malware protection engine
1.1.26030.3008 — 1.1.26040.8

Mitigating Controls

No mitigating controls mapped yet. The per-CVE control annotator has not reached this CVE.

References