Cyber Resilience

CVE-2026-49760

Memory Safety in Erlang Erl Interface 3.7.16 – 5.5.2.1

Published
10 June 2026
Modified
24 July 2026
Patch / advisory
CVSS Score v4 6.9
Click a component to see what it means
Raw vectorCVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X
EPSS Score 0.0014 3th percentile
Risk Priority 35 floored blend · peak EPSS

Summary

CVE-2026-49760 is a medium-severity Stack-based Buffer Overflow (CWE-121) vulnerability in Erlang Erl Interface. Its CVSS base score is 6.9 (Medium).

Operationally, exploitation aligns with the MITRE ATT&CK technique Application or System Exploitation (T1499.004); ranked at the 3th percentile by exploit likelihood (below the median); it is not currently listed in the CISA KEV catalog.

The strongest mitigations our analysis identified map to SI-16 (Memory Protection) and SI-2 (Flaw Remediation) — see the control section below for these in your framework.

EU & UK References

Vulnerability Data

Stack-based Buffer Overflow vulnerability in Erlang OTP (erl_interface) allows Stack-based Buffer Overflow. This vulnerability is associated with program file lib/erl_interface/src/misc/ei_printterm.c and program routine ei_s_print_term. The C function ei_s_print_term uses an internal 2000-character stack buffer to format terms. When called with…

more

an encoded Erlang term containing a very large integer (encoded representation exceeding 2000 characters), the buffer overflows. The overflow bytes are restricted to the ASCII values of 0-9 and A-F, which limits exploitation to Denial of Service. The companion function ei_print_term, which prints directly to a FILE instead of a memory buffer, does not contain this bug. This issue affects OTP from OTP 17.0 before OTP 29.0.2, OTP 28.5.0.2 and OTP 27.3.4.13, corresponding to erl_interface from 3.7.16 before 5.8.1, 5.7.0.1 and 5.5.2.1.

CWE(s)

Related Threats

MITRE ATT&CK Enterprise TechniquesAI

T1499.004 Application or System Exploitation Impact
Adversaries may exploit software vulnerabilities that can cause an application or system to crash and deny availability to users.
Why these techniques?

Stack buffer overflow restricted to DoS via application crash (CWE-121).

Confidence: HIGH · MITRE ATT&CK Enterprise v19.0

CVEs Like This One

CVE-2026-54886Same product: Erlang Erlang\/Otp
CVE-2026-55950Same product: Erlang Erlang\/Otp
CVE-2026-49759Same product: Erlang Erlang\/Otp
CVE-2026-55952Same product: Erlang Erlang\/Otp
CVE-2026-23943Same product: Erlang Erlang\/Otp
CVE-2026-42790Same product: Erlang Erlang\/Otp
CVE-2026-42791Same product: Erlang Erlang\/Otp
CVE-2026-42789Same product: Erlang Erlang\/Otp
CVE-2026-28810Same product: Erlang Erlang\/Otp
CVE-2026-54891Same product: Erlang Erlang\/Otp

Affected Assets

erlang
erl interface
3.7.16 — 5.5.2.1 · 5.7 — 5.7.0.1 · 5.8 — 5.8.1
erlang
erlang\/otp
17.0 — 27.3.4.13 · 28.0 — 28.5.0.2 · 29.0 — 29.0.2

Mitigating Controls

Control response

Prevent
Stop it (NIST 800-53)
  • SI-2 Flaw Remediation
  • SI-16 Memory Protection
  • SI-10 Information Input Validation
Detect
Catch it (NIST detect / respond)

Harden
Shrink the surface (DISA STIG)
  • 2 hardening rules · 2 OS baselines
Validate
Prove the fix (OWASP ASVS)

Mitigating Controls (NIST 800-53 r5) AI

prevent

Directly requires applying the available patches that fix the ei_s_print_term buffer overflow in erl_interface >= 5.5.2.1/5.7.0.1/5.8.1.

prevent

Enforces memory-protection mechanisms (ASLR, stack canaries, NX) that block reliable exploitation of the 2000-byte stack overflow even when a malicious term is supplied.

prevent

Requires validation of untrusted Erlang terms before they reach ei_s_print_term, limiting the size of integer encodings that can reach the vulnerable internal buffer.

Mitigating Controls (NIST CSF 2.0) AI

Derived directly from the weakness types (CWEs) cited in the NVD entry via our AI-authored CWE→CSF cross-walk (authority under review) — links open the control.

PR.PS-06 mostly match
prevents

Secure-development practices directly prevent introduction of stack buffer overflows.

ID.RA-01 partial match
prevents

Vulnerability scanning can discover stack buffer overflows but does not prevent their introduction.

PR.PS-02 partial match
prevents

Patching eliminates known instances of the weakness after discovery.

Mitigating Controls (ISO/IEC 27001:2022 Annex A) AI

Derived directly from the weakness types (CWEs) cited in the NVD entry via our AI-authored CWE→ISO cross-walk (authority under review) — links open the control.

detects

Security testing (fuzzing, static analysis) detects stack overflows before release.

prevents

Secure SDLC mandates buffer-safety practices that directly prevent stack overflows.

prevents

Application security requirements can specify buffer-size and input-validation rules.

prevents

Secure architecture principles include memory-safety and least-privilege stack usage.

prevents

Secure coding standards explicitly forbid unsafe buffer handling that causes CWE-121.

none

Change-management gates can enforce security reviews that catch buffer issues.

References