Cyber Resilience

CVE-2016-4523

Memory Safety in Trihedral Vtscada 8.0.05 – 11.2.02

CISA KEVActive ExploitationEUVD ExploitedMemory Safety
Published
09 June 2016
Modified
22 April 2026
KEV Added
15 April 2022
CVSS Score v3.1 7.5
Click a component to see what it means
Raw vectorCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H
EPSS Score 0.31 98th percentile
Risk Priority 84 floored blend · peak EPSS

Summary

CVE-2016-4523 is a high-severity Out-of-bounds Read (CWE-125) vulnerability in Trihedral Vtscada. Its CVSS base score is 7.5 (High).

Operationally, exploitation aligns with the MITRE ATT&CK technique Exploitation for Privilege Escalation (T1068); ranked in the top 2% of CVEs by exploit likelihood; CISA has added it to the Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalog.

Deeper analysis AI-assisted summary

Synthesised by an AI model from the NVD description and linked references — a reading aid, not an authoritative source.

The vulnerability is an out-of-bounds read (CWE-125) in the WAP interface of Trihedral VTScada (formerly VTS) versions 8.x through 11.x prior to 11.2.02. It is rated 7.5 on CVSS 3.1 with a vector of AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H and can trigger an application crash.

Remote unauthenticated attackers can exploit the flaw over the network to cause a denial of service. The attack requires no user interaction and results only in loss of availability with no impact on confidentiality or integrity.

Public references include ICS-CERT advisory ICSA-16-159-01 and Zero Day Initiative advisory ZDI-16-405, which direct users to vendor updates addressing the issue. No information on observed in-the-wild exploitation is provided in the source data.

EU & UK References

Vulnerability Data

The WAP interface in Trihedral VTScada (formerly VTS) 8.x through 11.x before 11.2.02 allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (out-of-bounds read and application crash) via unspecified vectors.

CWE(s)
CWE-125
KEV Date Added
15 April 2022

Related Threats

MITRE ATT&CK Enterprise Techniques

T1068 Exploitation for Privilege Escalation Privilege Escalation
Adversaries may exploit software vulnerabilities in an attempt to elevate privileges.
attack.mitre.org →
T1190 Exploit Public-Facing Application Initial Access
Adversaries may attempt to exploit a weakness in an Internet-facing host or system to initially access a network.
attack.mitre.org →
T1203 Exploitation for Client Execution Execution
Adversaries may exploit software vulnerabilities in client applications to execute code.
attack.mitre.org →
T1210 Exploitation of Remote Services Lateral Movement
Adversaries may exploit remote services to gain unauthorized access to internal systems once inside of a network.
attack.mitre.org →
T1211 Exploitation for Stealth Stealth
Adversaries may exploit vulnerabilities to evade detection by hiding activity, suppressing logging, or operating within trusted or unmonitored components.
attack.mitre.org →
T1212 Exploitation for Credential Access Credential Access
Adversaries may exploit software vulnerabilities in an attempt to collect credentials.
attack.mitre.org →
Derived from this CVE’s CWE(s) via the direct CWE→ATT&CK cross-walk.

CVEs Like This One

CVE-2021-25487Shared CWE-125both on KEV
CVE-2026-3055Shared CWE-125both on KEV
CVE-2024-53150Shared CWE-125both on KEV
CVE-2014-0160Shared CWE-125both on KEV
CVE-2020-11899Shared CWE-125both on KEV
CVE-2022-22674Shared CWE-125both on KEV
CVE-2023-36424Shared CWE-125both on KEV
CVE-2023-28204Shared CWE-125both on KEV
CVE-2025-22226Shared CWE-125both on KEV
CVE-2023-42916Shared CWE-125both on KEV

Affected Assets

trihedral
vtscada
8.0.05 — 11.2.02

Mitigating Controls

Mitigating Controls (NIST CSF 2.0) AI

Derived directly from the weakness types (CWEs) cited in the NVD entry via our AI-authored CWE→CSF cross-walk (authority under review) — links open the control.

PR.PS-06 mostly match
prevents

Secure-development practices such as bounds checking and memory-safe languages directly prevent out-of-bounds reads.

ID.RA-01 partial match
prevents

Vulnerability scanning and recording can discover instances of out-of-bounds reads after code is deployed.

PR.PS-02 partial match
prevents

Routine patching replaces vulnerable code containing out-of-bounds read flaws.

Mitigating Controls (ISO/IEC 27001:2022 Annex A) AI

Derived directly from the weakness types (CWEs) cited in the NVD entry via our AI-authored CWE→ISO cross-walk (authority under review) — links open the control.

A.8.29 Security testing in development and acceptance mostly match
finds

Security testing in development and acceptance includes fuzzing and static analysis that detect out-of-bounds read defects before release.

A.8.15 Logging partial match
finds

Logging can record evidence of an out-of-bounds read but does not prevent the weakness itself.

A.8.25 Secure development life cycle partial match
prevents

Secure development life cycle mandates input validation and bounds checking that directly prevent out-of-bounds reads.

A.8.26 Application security requirements partial match
prevents

Application security requirements include explicit bounds and memory-safety specifications that mitigate buffer over-reads.

A.8.27 Secure system architecture and engineering principles partial match
prevents

Secure system architecture and engineering principles require memory-safe design patterns and runtime protections against out-of-bounds access.

A.8.28 Secure coding partial match
prevents

Secure coding standards explicitly forbid unsafe pointer arithmetic and mandate bounds-checked reads, eliminating CWE-125.

References