Cyber Resilience

CVE-2019-16928

Memory Safety in Fedoraproject Fedora 29 … 31

CISA KEVActive ExploitationEUVD ExploitedPublic PoCMemory Safety
Published
27 September 2019
Modified
07 November 2025
KEV Added
03 March 2022
Patch / advisory
CVSS Score v3.1 9.8
Click a component to see what it means
Raw vectorCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
EPSS Score 0.42 99th percentile
Risk Priority 97 floored blend · peak EPSS

Summary

CVE-2019-16928 is a critical-severity Out-of-bounds Write (CWE-787) vulnerability in Fedoraproject Fedora. Its CVSS base score is 9.8 (Critical).

Operationally, exploitation aligns with the MITRE ATT&CK technique Exploitation for Privilege Escalation (T1068); ranked in the top 1% of CVEs by exploit likelihood; CISA has added it to the Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalog; a public proof-of-concept is referenced.

Deeper analysis AI-assisted summary

Synthesised by an AI model from the NVD description and linked references — a reading aid, not an authoritative source.

Exim versions 4.92 through 4.92.2 contain a heap-based buffer overflow in the string_vformat function within string.c. The flaw is triggered by an overly long EHLO command and is distinct from the separate issue tracked as CVE-2019-15846. It is assigned CWE-787 and carries a CVSS 3.1 base score of 9.8, reflecting network attack vector, low complexity, and no required privileges or user interaction.

An unauthenticated remote attacker can send a crafted EHLO command to an affected Exim server and achieve arbitrary code execution with full impact on confidentiality, integrity, and availability. The vulnerability is exploitable over the network without any authentication or special conditions.

Public advisories and technical details, including potential mitigation steps and patch information, are discussed in the referenced Openwall mailing-list posts and the Exim bug tracker entry at https://bugs.exim.org/show_bug.cgi?id=2449. No information on observed in-the-wild exploitation is provided in the available references.

EU & UK References

Vulnerability Data

Exim 4.92 through 4.92.2 allows remote code execution, a different vulnerability than CVE-2019-15846. There is a heap-based buffer overflow in string_vformat in string.c involving a long EHLO command.

CWE(s)
KEV Date Added
03 March 2022

Related Threats

MITRE ATT&CK Enterprise Techniques

T1068 Exploitation for Privilege Escalation Privilege Escalation
Adversaries may exploit software vulnerabilities in an attempt to elevate privileges.
T1190 Exploit Public-Facing Application Initial Access
Adversaries may attempt to exploit a weakness in an Internet-facing host or system to initially access a network.
T1203 Exploitation for Client Execution Execution
Adversaries may exploit software vulnerabilities in client applications to execute code.
T1210 Exploitation of Remote Services Lateral Movement
Adversaries may exploit remote services to gain unauthorized access to internal systems once inside of a network.
T1211 Exploitation for Stealth Stealth
Adversaries may exploit vulnerabilities to evade detection by hiding activity, suppressing logging, or operating within trusted or unmonitored components.
T1212 Exploitation for Credential Access Credential Access
Adversaries may exploit software vulnerabilities in an attempt to collect credentials.
Derived from this CVE’s CWE(s) via the direct CWE→ATT&CK cross-walk.

CVEs Like This One

CVE-2010-4344Same product: Canonical Ubuntu Linuxboth on KEV
CVE-2021-21148Same product: Debian Debian Linuxboth on KEV
CVE-2023-7024Same product: Debian Debian Linuxboth on KEV
CVE-2023-42917Same product: Debian Debian Linuxboth on KEV
CVE-2022-32893Same product: Debian Debian Linuxboth on KEV
CVE-2024-4761Same product: Fedoraproject Fedoraboth on KEV
CVE-2021-21220Same product: Fedoraproject Fedoraboth on KEV
CVE-2024-53104Same product: Debian Debian Linuxboth on KEV
CVE-2025-27363Same product: Debian Debian Linuxboth on KEV
CVE-2024-53197Same product: Debian Debian Linuxboth on KEV

Affected Assets

exim
exim
4.92 — 4.92.2
canonical
ubuntu linux
19.04
debian
debian linux
10.0
fedoraproject
fedora
29, 30, 31

Mitigating Controls

Likely Mitigating Controls AI

Per-CVE control mapping for this CVE has not run yet; the list below is derived from the weakness types (CWEs) cited in the NVD entry.

addresses: CWE-787

Out-of-bounds writes that corrupt control flow or inject shellcode are rendered non-executable by the same memory protections.

Mitigating Controls (NIST CSF 2.0) AI

Derived directly from the weakness types (CWEs) cited in the NVD entry via our AI-authored CWE→CSF cross-walk (authority under review) — links open the control.

PR.PS-06 mostly match
prevents

Secure-development practices (static analysis, bounds checking, code review) are the primary means of preventing out-of-bounds writes.

ID.RA-01 partial match
prevents

Vulnerability scanning and recording can discover out-of-bounds write flaws so they can be remediated.

PR.PS-02 partial match
prevents

Patching or replacing vulnerable software directly eliminates known instances of this coding weakness.

Mitigating Controls (ISO/IEC 27001:2022 Annex A) AI

Derived directly from the weakness types (CWEs) cited in the NVD entry via our AI-authored CWE→ISO cross-walk (authority under review) — links open the control.

finds

Security testing in development and acceptance can detect and prevent out-of-bounds write defects.

prevents

Secure development life cycle mandates practices that prevent out-of-bounds writes.

prevents

Application security requirements can specify bounds-checking and safe memory handling.

prevents

Secure architecture and engineering principles reduce the likelihood of buffer overflows.

prevents

Secure coding directly addresses out-of-bounds writes through language choice and coding standards.

prevents

Change management can enforce review gates that catch unsafe memory operations before deployment.

References