Raw vector
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:HSummary
CVE-2020-11978 is a high-severity OS Command Injection (CWE-78) vulnerability in Apache Airflow. Its CVSS base score is 8.8 (High).
Operationally, exploitation aligns with the MITRE ATT&CK technique Command and Scripting Interpreter (T1059); ranked in the top 0.1% of CVEs by exploit likelihood; CISA has added it to the Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalog; a public proof-of-concept is referenced.
Deeper analysis AI-assisted summary
Synthesised by an AI model from the NVD description and linked references — a reading aid, not an authoritative source.
CVE-2020-11978 is a remote code or command injection vulnerability present in Apache Airflow versions 1.10.10 and earlier. It resides in one of the example DAGs that ship with the product by default and stems from improper handling of untrusted input that is passed to operating-system commands, corresponding to CWE-78. The issue is absent when the configuration option load_examples is explicitly set to False.
Any authenticated user can exploit the flaw to execute arbitrary commands on the host running the Airflow worker or scheduler process, with privileges equivalent to that process. Successful exploitation therefore grants the attacker the ability to read, modify, or delete data and potentially pivot to other systems, depending on the executor configuration and the privileges of the Airflow service account.
Public advisories and exploit disclosures note that the sole recommended mitigation is to disable the example DAGs by setting load_examples=False in the Airflow configuration; no other configuration changes or patches are described for versions 1.10.10 and below. Multiple proof-of-concept exploits have been published that demonstrate unauthenticated-to-authenticated command execution against the vulnerable example DAG.
OWASP Top 10 for Web (2025)
EU & UK References
- 🇪🇺 ENISA EUVD: EUVD-2020-0032
Vulnerability Data
An issue was found in Apache Airflow versions 1.10.10 and below. A remote code/command injection vulnerability was discovered in one of the example DAGs shipped with Airflow which would allow any authenticated user to run arbitrary commands as the user…
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running airflow worker/scheduler (depending on the executor in use). If you already have examples disabled by setting load_examples=False in the config then you are not vulnerable.
- CWE(s)
- KEV Date Added
- 18 January 2022
Related Threats
MITRE ATT&CK Enterprise Techniques
CVEs Like This One
Affected Assets
Mitigating Controls
Control response
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V1.2.5V1.2.8V15.2.5
Likely Mitigating Controls AI
Per-CVE control mapping for this CVE has not run yet; the list below is derived from the weakness types (CWEs) cited in the NVD entry.
Mitigating Controls (NIST CSF 2.0) AI
Derived directly from the weakness types (CWEs) cited in the NVD entry via our AI-authored CWE→CSF cross-walk (authority under review) — links open the control.
PR.PS-06's SDLC practices directly require secure coding and input handling that blocks command-injection defects, yet the single broad outcome leaves many specific neutralization vectors and verification gaps unaddressed.
Routine patching/maintenance can remediate known command-injection CVEs in dependencies (partial forward) but does nothing to stop developers from introducing improper neutralization in custom code (none reverse).
Mitigating Controls (ISO/IEC 27001:2022 Annex A) AI
Derived directly from the weakness types (CWEs) cited in the NVD entry via our AI-authored CWE→ISO cross-walk (authority under review) — links open the control.
Security testing and code review target insecure use of operating-system command interfaces, catching command-injection flaws introduced during development.