Cyber Resilience

CVE-2021-31196

HighCISA KEVActive ExploitationEUVD Exploited

Published: 14 July 2021

Published
14 July 2021
Modified
29 October 2025
KEV Added
21 August 2024
Patch
CVSS Score v3.1 7.2 CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
EPSS Score 0.0334 87.6th percentile
Risk Priority 36 60% EPSS · 20% KEV · 20% CVSS

Summary

CVE-2021-31196 is a high-severity an unspecified weakness vulnerability in Microsoft Exchange Server. Its CVSS base score is 7.2 (High).

Operationally, ranked in the top 12.4% of CVEs by exploit likelihood; CISA has added it to the Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalog.

The strongest mitigations our analysis identified are NIST 800-53 AC-6 (Least Privilege) and SI-2 (Flaw Remediation).

Deeper analysis

Microsoft Exchange Server is affected by a remote code execution vulnerability tracked as CVE-2021-31196. The flaw carries a CVSS 3.1 base score of 7.2 with network attack vector, low attack complexity, and high privileges required, resulting in high impact to confidentiality, integrity, and availability.

An authenticated attacker with high privileges can exploit the issue over the network to execute arbitrary code on the Exchange server, achieving full control of the affected system without user interaction.

Microsoft has published remediation guidance in its Security Response Center advisory, and the vulnerability appears in CISA's catalog of known exploited vulnerabilities, indicating confirmed in-the-wild exploitation.

EU & UK References

Vulnerability details

Microsoft Exchange Server Remote Code Execution Vulnerability

CWE(s)
KEV Date Added
21 August 2024

Related Threats

No named actor attribution yet. ATT&CK technique mapping in progress for this CVE.

Affected Assets

microsoft
exchange server
2013, 2016, 2019

Mitigating Controls

Mitigating Controls (NIST 800-53 r5) AI

prevent

Directly requires timely application of vendor patches for the Exchange RCE flaw that Microsoft published and CISA confirmed exploited in the wild.

prevent

Limits assignment of the high privileges the authenticated attacker must possess to trigger arbitrary code execution on the Exchange server.

prevent

Enforces access-control policy that can block the network-originated code-execution path even for authenticated high-privilege sessions.

References