Cyber Resilience

CVE-2022-41040

SSRF in Microsoft Exchange Server 2013 … 2019

CISA KEVActive ExploitationEUVD ExploitedPublic PoCRansomware-linkedSSRF
Published
03 October 2022
Modified
30 October 2025
KEV Added
30 September 2022
Patch / advisory
CVSS Score v3.1 8.8
Click a component to see what it means
Raw vectorCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
EPSS Score 0.99 100.0th percentile
Risk Priority 90 floored blend · peak EPSS

Summary

CVE-2022-41040 is a high-severity SSRF (CWE-918) vulnerability in Microsoft Exchange Server. Its CVSS base score is 8.8 (High).

Operationally, exploitation aligns with the MITRE ATT&CK technique Exploit Public-Facing Application (T1190); ranked in the top 0.0% of CVEs by exploit likelihood; CISA has added it to the Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalog; a public proof-of-concept is referenced.

Deeper analysis AI-assisted summary

Synthesised by an AI model from the NVD description and linked references — a reading aid, not an authoritative source.

CVE-2022-41040 is an elevation of privilege vulnerability affecting Microsoft Exchange Server and is tracked under CWE-918 with a CVSS 3.1 score of 8.8 reflecting network attack vector, low attack complexity, low required privileges, and no user interaction. Successful exploitation can produce high impact across confidentiality, integrity, and availability on the affected server.

An authenticated attacker with low privileges can exploit the flaw remotely to elevate privileges and obtain unauthorized access or control within the Exchange environment. The vulnerability has been publicly associated with ProxyNotShell attack chains that combine it with related issues to achieve remote code execution.

Microsoft Security Response Center advisories and the November 2022 Patch Tuesday release direct administrators to apply the vendor-supplied security updates for Exchange Server. Additional guidance appears in the coordinated CERT and vendor portals referenced for the CVE.

The EPSS score reached a peak of 0.9685 and remains at 0.9415, indicating sustained exploitation interest after disclosure.

OWASP Top 10 for Web (2025)

EU & UK References

Vulnerability Data

Microsoft Exchange Server Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability

CWE(s)
KEV Date Added
30 September 2022

Related Threats

MITRE ATT&CK Enterprise Techniques

T1190 Exploit Public-Facing Application Initial Access
Adversaries may attempt to exploit a weakness in an Internet-facing host or system to initially access a network.
Derived from this CVE’s CWE(s) via the direct CWE→ATT&CK cross-walk.

CVEs Like This One

CVE-2021-26855Same product: Microsoft Exchange Serverboth on KEV
CVE-2021-34473Same product: Microsoft Exchange Serverboth on KEV
CVE-2023-21761Same product: Microsoft Exchange Server
CVE-2021-27065Same product: Microsoft Exchange Serverboth on KEV
CVE-2020-17144Same product: Microsoft Exchange Serverboth on KEV
CVE-2021-26857Same product: Microsoft Exchange Serverboth on KEV
CVE-2022-41082Same product: Microsoft Exchange Serverboth on KEV
CVE-2023-21529Same product: Microsoft Exchange Serverboth on KEV
CVE-2021-31207Same product: Microsoft Exchange Serverboth on KEV
CVE-2020-0688Same product: Microsoft Exchange Serverboth on KEV

Affected Assets

microsoft
exchange server
2013, 2016, 2019

Mitigating Controls

Control response

Prevent
Stop it (NIST 800-53)

Detect
Catch it (NIST detect / respond)

Harden
Shrink the surface (DISA STIG)

Validate
Prove the fix (OWASP ASVS)
  • V1.3.6
  • V1.5.3
  • V5.3.2
  • V10.4.7

Likely Mitigating Controls AI

Per-CVE control mapping for this CVE has not run yet; the list below is derived from the weakness types (CWEs) cited in the NVD entry.

addresses: CWE-918

Penetration testing attempts server-side requests to internal resources, identifying SSRF weaknesses for remediation.

addresses: CWE-918

Outbound connections to external resources can be monitored and limited at the boundary, reducing SSRF impact.

addresses: CWE-918

Validates server-side URLs and resource references to block SSRF attempts.

addresses: CWE-918

Detects server-side request forgery through monitoring of unexpected outbound connections.

Mitigating Controls (NIST CSF 2.0) AI

Derived directly from the weakness types (CWEs) cited in the NVD entry via our AI-authored CWE→CSF cross-walk (authority under review) — links open the control.

PR.PS-06 mostly match
prevents

Secure development practices directly include input validation and destination allow-listing that prevent SSRF.

DE.CM-09 partial match
prevents

Runtime monitoring of web applications and services can detect anomalous outbound requests indicative of SSRF.

ID.RA-01 partial match
prevents

Vulnerability identification processes can discover and record SSRF flaws in web applications.

PR.IR-01 partial match
prevents

Network segmentation and egress controls can limit the damage from successful SSRF requests.

Mitigating Controls (ISO/IEC 27001:2022 Annex A) AI

Derived directly from the weakness types (CWEs) cited in the NVD entry via our AI-authored CWE→ISO cross-walk (authority under review) — links open the control.

prevents

Operational threat data describing SSRF campaigns can be used to tighten outbound-request allow-lists and detection rules before attackers exploit them.

References