Cyber Posture

CVE-2025-21177

High

Published: 06 February 2025

Published
06 February 2025
Modified
11 February 2025
KEV Added
Patch
CVSS Score 8.7 CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:R/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:N
EPSS Score 0.0053 67.2th percentile
Risk Priority 18 60% EPSS · 20% KEV · 20% CVSS

Summary

CVE-2025-21177 is a high-severity SSRF (CWE-918) vulnerability in Microsoft Dynamics 365 Sales. Its CVSS base score is 8.7 (High).

Operationally, exploitation aligns with the MITRE ATT&CK technique Exploit Public-Facing Application (T1190); ranked in the top 32.8% of CVEs by exploit likelihood; it is not currently listed in the CISA KEV catalog.

The strongest mitigations our analysis identified are NIST 800-53 SC-7 (Boundary Protection) and SI-10 (Information Input Validation).

Threat & Defense at a Glance

What attackers do: exploitation maps to Exploit Public-Facing Application (T1190) and 1 other technique. What defenders deploy: see the NIST 800-53 controls recommended below.
Threat & Defense Details

Mitigating Controls (NIST 800-53 r5)AI

prevent

Validates and sanitizes user-supplied inputs used to construct server-side requests, directly preventing SSRF exploitation in Microsoft Dynamics 365 Sales.

prevent

Boundary protection monitors and controls outbound communications, blocking unauthorized network requests forged by SSRF attacks.

prevent

Enforces information flow control policies to restrict server access to unauthorized internal resources targeted via SSRF.

MITRE ATT&CK Enterprise TechniquesAI

T1190 Exploit Public-Facing Application Initial Access
Adversaries may attempt to exploit a weakness in an Internet-facing host or system to initially access a network.
T1068 Exploitation for Privilege Escalation Privilege Escalation
Adversaries may exploit software vulnerabilities in an attempt to elevate privileges.
Why these techniques?

SSRF in public-facing Dynamics 365 app directly matches T1190 for initial exploitation; resulting privilege elevation with high C/I impact matches T1068.

Confidence: HIGH · MITRE ATT&CK Enterprise v18.1

NVD Description

Server-Side Request Forgery (SSRF) in Microsoft Dynamics 365 Sales allows an authorized attacker to elevate privileges over a network.

Deeper analysisAI

CVE-2025-21177 is a Server-Side Request Forgery (SSRF) vulnerability, mapped to CWE-918, in Microsoft Dynamics 365 Sales. Published on 2025-02-06, it carries a CVSS v3.1 base score of 8.7 (AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:R/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:N), indicating high severity due to its potential for significant impact.

The vulnerability can be exploited by an authorized attacker with low privileges (PR:L) over the network (AV:N), requiring low attack complexity (AC:L) but user interaction (UI:R). Successful exploitation enables privilege elevation, achieving high confidentiality (C:H) and integrity (I:H) impacts with no availability disruption (A:N) and a changed scope (S:C).

Mitigation guidance is available in the Microsoft Security Response Center advisory at https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2025-21177.

Details

CWE(s)

Affected Products

microsoft
dynamics 365 sales
all versions

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References