Cyber Resilience

CVE-2021-41136

Low

Published: 12 October 2021

Published
12 October 2021
Modified
27 May 2025
KEV Added
Patch
CVSS Score v3.1 3.7 CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:L/UI:R/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:N
EPSS Score 0.0029 52.6th percentile
Risk Priority 8 60% EPSS · 20% KEV · 20% CVSS

Summary

CVE-2021-41136 is a low-severity HTTP Request/Response Smuggling (CWE-444) vulnerability in Puma Puma. Its CVSS base score is 3.7 (Low).

Operationally, ranked in the top 47.4% of CVEs by exploit likelihood; it is not currently listed in the CISA KEV catalog.

EU & UK References

Vulnerability details

Puma is a HTTP 1.1 server for Ruby/Rack applications. Prior to versions 5.5.1 and 4.3.9, using `puma` with a proxy which forwards HTTP header values which contain the LF character could allow HTTP request smugggling. A client could smuggle a…

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request through a proxy, causing the proxy to send a response back to another unknown client. The only proxy which has this behavior, as far as the Puma team is aware of, is Apache Traffic Server. If the proxy uses persistent connections and the client adds another request in via HTTP pipelining, the proxy may mistake it as the first request's body. Puma, however, would see it as two requests, and when processing the second request, send back a response that the proxy does not expect. If the proxy has reused the persistent connection to Puma to send another request for a different client, the second response from the first client will be sent to the second client. This vulnerability was patched in Puma 5.5.1 and 4.3.9. As a workaround, do not use Apache Traffic Server with `puma`.

CWE(s)

Related Threats

No named actor attribution yet. ATT&CK technique mapping in progress for this CVE.

Affected Assets

puma
puma
≤ 4.3.8 · 5.0.0 — 5.5.0
debian
debian linux
10.0, 11.0

Mitigating Controls

No mitigating controls mapped yet. The per-CVE control annotator has not reached this CVE.

References