Cyber Resilience

CVE-2022-2487

Command Injection in Wavlink Wl-Wn535K2 Firmware

Public PoCHigh EPSSCommand Injection
Published
20 July 2022
Modified
21 November 2024
CVSS Score v3.1 8.0
Click a component to see what it means
Raw vectorCVSS:3.1/AV:A/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
EPSS Score 0.80 99.6th percentile
Risk Priority 85 floored blend · peak EPSS

CVSS and EPSS are reproduced from their sources (NVD, FIRST EPSS). Risk Priority is our own derived reading, not an NVD score.

Summary

CVE-2022-2487 is a high-severity OS Command Injection (CWE-78) vulnerability in Wavlink Wl-Wn535K2 Firmware. Its CVSS base score is 8.0 (High).

Operationally, exploitation aligns with the MITRE ATT&CK technique Command and Scripting Interpreter (T1059); ranked in the top 0.4% of CVEs by exploit likelihood; it is not currently listed in the CISA KEV catalog; a public proof-of-concept is referenced.

Deeper analysis AI-assisted summary

Synthesised by an AI model from the NVD description and linked references — a reading aid, not an authoritative source.

The vulnerability CVE-2022-2487 is an OS command injection flaw classified under CWE-78 and present in the file /cgi-bin/nightled.cgi on WAVLINK WN535K2 and WN535K3 devices. It stems from unsanitized handling of the start_hour argument and received a CVSS 3.1 score of 8.0 reflecting adjacent-network access, low attack complexity, and low required privileges.

An authenticated attacker positioned on the same network segment can supply a malicious start_hour value to execute arbitrary operating-system commands, resulting in full compromise of device confidentiality, integrity, and availability. Public proof-of-concept code demonstrating the injection has already been published.

The associated EPSS probability currently stands at 0.9225 after reaching a peak of 0.9692, indicating sustained exploitation interest following disclosure. No vendor advisory or patch information is referenced in the available sources.

OWASP Top 10 for Web (2025)

A05:2025 Injection

EU & UK References

Vulnerability Data

A vulnerability has been found in WAVLINK WN535K2 and WN535K3 and classified as critical. This vulnerability affects unknown code of the file /cgi-bin/nightled.cgi. The manipulation of the argument start_hour leads to os command injection. The exploit has been disclosed to…

more

the public and may be used.

CWE(s)
CWE-78

Related Threats

MITRE ATT&CK Enterprise Techniques

T1059 Command and Scripting Interpreter Execution
Adversaries may abuse command and script interpreters to execute commands, scripts, or binaries.
attack.mitre.org →
T1059.003 Windows Command Shell Execution
Adversaries may abuse the Windows command shell for execution.
attack.mitre.org →
T1059.004 Unix Shell Execution
Adversaries may abuse Unix shell commands and scripts for execution.
attack.mitre.org →
T1059.001 PowerShell Execution
Adversaries may abuse PowerShell commands and scripts for execution.
attack.mitre.org →
T1190 Exploit Public-Facing Application Initial Access
Adversaries may attempt to exploit a weakness in an Internet-facing host or system to initially access a network.
attack.mitre.org →
Derived from this CVE’s CWE(s) via the direct CWE→ATT&CK cross-walk.

CVEs Like This One

CVE-2025-44882Same vendor: Wavlink
CVE-2020-12124Same vendor: Wavlink
CVE-2025-44880Same vendor: Wavlink
CVE-2023-32622Same vendor: Wavlink
CVE-2025-50755Same product: Wavlink Wl-Wn535K3
CVE-2025-50757Same product: Wavlink Wl-Wn535K3
CVE-2025-10358Same vendor: Wavlink
CVE-2026-8229Same vendor: Wavlink
CVE-2026-8188Same vendor: Wavlink
CVE-2026-8192Same vendor: Wavlink

Affected Assets

wavlink
wl-wn535k2 firmware
all versions
wavlink
wl-wn535k3 firmware
all versions

Mitigating Controls

Control response

Prevent
Stop it (NIST 800-53)

—

Detect
Catch it (NIST detect / respond)

—

Harden
Shrink the surface (DISA STIG)

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Validate
Prove the fix (OWASP ASVS)
  • V1.2.5
  • V1.2.8
  • V15.2.5

Likely Mitigating Controls AI

Per-CVE control mapping for this CVE has not run yet; the list below is derived from the weakness types (CWEs) cited in the NVD entry.

SC-27 Platform-independent Applications
addresses: CWE-78

Platform-independent apps typically execute inside a managed runtime or sandbox that restricts direct OS command execution, reducing the ability to exploit OS command injection.

SI-10 Information Input Validation
addresses: CWE-78

Validates inputs to block special elements that would alter OS command execution.

Mitigating Controls (NIST CSF 2.0) AI

Derived directly from the weakness types (CWEs) cited in the NVD entry via our AI-authored CWE→CSF cross-walk (authority under review) — links open the control.

PR.PS-06 mostly match
prevents

PR.PS-06's SDLC practices directly require secure coding and input handling that blocks command-injection defects, yet the single broad outcome leaves many specific neutralization vectors and verification gaps unaddressed.

PR.PS-02 partial match
prevents

Routine patching/maintenance can remediate known command-injection CVEs in dependencies (partial forward) but does nothing to stop developers from introducing improper neutralization in custom code (none reverse).

Mitigating Controls (ISO/IEC 27001:2022 Annex A) AI

Derived directly from the weakness types (CWEs) cited in the NVD entry via our AI-authored CWE→ISO cross-walk (authority under review) — links open the control.

A.8.29 Security testing in development and acceptance mostly match
finds

Security testing and code review target insecure use of operating-system command interfaces, catching command-injection flaws introduced during development.

References