Raw vector
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:HCVSS and EPSS are reproduced from their sources (NVD, FIRST EPSS). Risk Priority is our own derived reading, not an NVD score.
Summary
CVE-2022-30525 is a critical-severity OS Command Injection (CWE-78) vulnerability in Zyxel Usg Flex 100W Firmware. Its CVSS base score is 9.8 (Critical).
Operationally, exploitation aligns with the MITRE ATT&CK technique NTDS (T1003.003); ranked in the top 0.0% of CVEs by exploit likelihood; CISA has added it to the Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalog; a public proof-of-concept is referenced.
Deeper analysis AI-assisted summary
Synthesised by an AI model from the NVD description and linked references — a reading aid, not an authoritative source.
CVE-2022-30525 is an OS command injection vulnerability (CWE-78) residing in the CGI program of multiple Zyxel firewall product lines. Affected devices include USG FLEX 100(W), 200, 500, and 700 running firmware 5.00–5.21 Patch 1; USG FLEX 50(W) and USG20(W)-VPN running 5.10–5.21 Patch 1; ATP series running 5.10–5.21 Patch 1; and VPN series running 4.60–5.21 Patch 1. The flaw permits an attacker to modify specific files and subsequently execute arbitrary operating-system commands on the device.
Unauthenticated remote attackers can exploit the issue over the network without user interaction. Successful exploitation yields full control of the affected appliance, enabling arbitrary command execution with impacts to confidentiality, integrity, and availability, as reflected in the CVSS 9.8 base score.
Zyxel’s security advisory directs customers to apply the vendor-supplied firmware updates that remediate the command-injection flaw in the CGI component. Public exploit artifacts, including unauthenticated command-injection and remote-code-execution proofs, have been posted to Packet Storm.
The EPSS score reached a peak of 0.9756 and remains at 0.9445, indicating sustained exploitation interest after disclosure.
OWASP Top 10 for Web (2025)
EU & UK References
- 🇪🇺 ENISA EUVD: EUVD-2022-52385
Vulnerability Data
A OS command injection vulnerability in the CGI program of Zyxel USG FLEX 100(W) firmware versions 5.00 through 5.21 Patch 1, USG FLEX 200 firmware versions 5.00 through 5.21 Patch 1, USG FLEX 500 firmware versions 5.00 through 5.21 Patch…
more
1, USG FLEX 700 firmware versions 5.00 through 5.21 Patch 1, USG FLEX 50(W) firmware versions 5.10 through 5.21 Patch 1, USG20(W)-VPN firmware versions 5.10 through 5.21 Patch 1, ATP series firmware versions 5.10 through 5.21 Patch 1, VPN series firmware versions 4.60 through 5.21 Patch 1, which could allow an attacker to modify specific files and then execute some OS commands on a vulnerable device.
- CWE(s)
- KEV Date Added
- 16 May 2022
Related Threats
MITRE ATT&CK Enterprise Techniques
CVEs Like This One
Affected Assets
Mitigating Controls
Control response
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V1.2.5V1.2.8
Likely Mitigating Controls AI
Per-CVE control mapping for this CVE has not run yet; the list below is derived from the weakness types (CWEs) cited in the NVD entry.
Mitigating Controls (NIST CSF 2.0) AI
Derived directly from the weakness types (CWEs) cited in the NVD entry via our AI-authored CWE→CSF cross-walk (authority under review) — links open the control.
PR.PS-06's SDLC practices directly require secure coding and input handling that blocks command-injection defects, yet the single broad outcome leaves many specific neutralization vectors and verification gaps unaddressed.
Routine patching/maintenance can remediate known command-injection CVEs in dependencies (partial forward) but does nothing to stop developers from introducing improper neutralization in custom code (none reverse).
Mitigating Controls (ISO/IEC 27001:2022 Annex A) AI
Derived directly from the weakness types (CWEs) cited in the NVD entry via our AI-authored CWE→ISO cross-walk (authority under review) — links open the control.