Cyber Resilience

CVE-2023-21769

Memory Safety in Microsoft Windows Server 2008 r2

High EPSSMemory Safety
Published
11 April 2023
Modified
01 January 2025
Patch / advisory
CVSS Score v3.1 7.5
Click a component to see what it means
Raw vectorCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H
EPSS Score 0.89 99.8th percentile
Risk Priority 83 floored blend · peak EPSS

Summary

CVE-2023-21769 is a high-severity Out-of-bounds Read (CWE-125) vulnerability in Microsoft Windows Server 2008. Its CVSS base score is 7.5 (High).

Operationally, exploitation aligns with the MITRE ATT&CK technique Exploitation for Privilege Escalation (T1068); ranked in the top 0.2% of CVEs by exploit likelihood; it is not currently listed in the CISA KEV catalog.

Deeper analysis AI-assisted summary

Synthesised by an AI model from the NVD description and linked references — a reading aid, not an authoritative source.

Microsoft Message Queuing (MSMQ) contains a denial-of-service vulnerability tracked as CVE-2023-21769. The flaw is present in the MSMQ component on supported Windows systems and carries a CVSS 3.1 base score of 7.5, reflecting a network-accessible attack that requires no authentication or user interaction and produces a high impact on availability. The associated weakness identifiers are CWE-125 and NVD-CWE-noinfo.

An unauthenticated remote attacker can send specially crafted network messages to an MSMQ endpoint, triggering the flaw and causing the affected service to stop responding. Successful exploitation therefore allows an adversary to interrupt message-queuing operations without needing credentials or prior access to the target system.

Microsoft published an advisory at https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2023-21769 that details the affected versions and the corresponding security update. The current EPSS score of 0.4799, with a recorded peak of 0.5102, indicates moderate but not sharply increasing public interest in exploitation since disclosure.

EU & UK References

Vulnerability Data

Microsoft Message Queuing (MSMQ) Denial of Service Vulnerability

CWE(s)

Related Threats

MITRE ATT&CK Enterprise Techniques

T1068 Exploitation for Privilege Escalation Privilege Escalation
Adversaries may exploit software vulnerabilities in an attempt to elevate privileges.
T1190 Exploit Public-Facing Application Initial Access
Adversaries may attempt to exploit a weakness in an Internet-facing host or system to initially access a network.
T1203 Exploitation for Client Execution Execution
Adversaries may exploit software vulnerabilities in client applications to execute code.
T1210 Exploitation of Remote Services Lateral Movement
Adversaries may exploit remote services to gain unauthorized access to internal systems once inside of a network.
T1211 Exploitation for Stealth Stealth
Adversaries may exploit vulnerabilities to evade detection by hiding activity, suppressing logging, or operating within trusted or unmonitored components.
T1212 Exploitation for Credential Access Credential Access
Adversaries may exploit software vulnerabilities in an attempt to collect credentials.
Derived from this CVE’s CWE(s) via the direct CWE→ATT&CK cross-walk.

CVEs Like This One

CVE-2023-21729Same product: Microsoft Windows 10 1607
CVE-2023-21691Same product: Microsoft Windows 10 1607
CVE-2023-24931Same product: Microsoft Windows 10 1607
CVE-2023-21693Same product: Microsoft Windows 10 1607
CVE-2023-21702Same product: Microsoft Windows 10 1607
CVE-2023-21798Same product: Microsoft Windows 10 1607
CVE-2023-24900Same product: Microsoft Windows 10 1607
CVE-2023-35296Same product: Microsoft Windows 10 1607
CVE-2023-35314Same product: Microsoft Windows 10 1607
CVE-2023-35319Same product: Microsoft Windows 10 1607

Affected Assets

microsoft
windows 10 1607
≤ 10.0.14393.5850
microsoft
windows 10 1809
≤ 10.0.17763.4252
microsoft
windows 10 20h2
≤ 10.0.19042.2846
microsoft
windows 10 21h2
≤ 10.0.19044.2846
microsoft
windows 10 22h2
≤ 10.0.19045.2846
microsoft
windows 11 21h2
≤ 10.0.22000.1817
microsoft
windows 11 22h2
≤ 10.0.22621.1555
microsoft
windows server 2008
all versions, r2
microsoft
windows server 2012
all versions, r2
microsoft
windows server 2016
all versions
+2 more product configuration(s) — see NVD for full list

Mitigating Controls

Mitigating Controls (NIST CSF 2.0) AI

Derived directly from the weakness types (CWEs) cited in the NVD entry via our AI-authored CWE→CSF cross-walk (authority under review) — links open the control.

PR.PS-06 mostly match
prevents

Secure-development practices such as bounds checking and memory-safe languages directly prevent out-of-bounds reads.

ID.RA-01 partial match
prevents

Vulnerability scanning and recording can discover instances of out-of-bounds reads after code is deployed.

PR.PS-02 partial match
prevents

Routine patching replaces vulnerable code containing out-of-bounds read flaws.

Mitigating Controls (ISO/IEC 27001:2022 Annex A) AI

Derived directly from the weakness types (CWEs) cited in the NVD entry via our AI-authored CWE→ISO cross-walk (authority under review) — links open the control.

finds

Security testing in development and acceptance includes fuzzing and static analysis that detect out-of-bounds read defects before release.

A.8.15 Logging partial match
finds

Logging can record evidence of an out-of-bounds read but does not prevent the weakness itself.

prevents

Secure development life cycle mandates input validation and bounds checking that directly prevent out-of-bounds reads.

prevents

Application security requirements include explicit bounds and memory-safety specifications that mitigate buffer over-reads.

prevents

Secure system architecture and engineering principles require memory-safe design patterns and runtime protections against out-of-bounds access.

prevents

Secure coding standards explicitly forbid unsafe pointer arithmetic and mandate bounds-checked reads, eliminating CWE-125.

References