Cyber Resilience

CVE-2023-2227

CriticalPublic PoC

Published: 21 April 2023

Published
21 April 2023
Modified
21 November 2024
KEV Added
Patch
CVSS Score v3.1 9.1 CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N
EPSS Score 0.7782 99.0th percentile
Risk Priority 65 60% EPSS · 20% KEV · 20% CVSS

Summary

CVE-2023-2227 is a critical-severity Improper Authorization (CWE-285) vulnerability in Modoboa Modoboa. Its CVSS base score is 9.1 (Critical).

Operationally, ranked in the top 1.0% of CVEs by exploit likelihood; it is not currently listed in the CISA KEV catalog; a public proof-of-concept is referenced.

Deeper analysis

CVE-2023-2227 is an improper authorization vulnerability, tracked as CWE-285, that affects the Modoboa email hosting platform in the GitHub repository modoboa/modoboa prior to version 2.1.0. The flaw received a CVSS 3.1 score of 9.1, reflecting network-accessible exploitation with no required credentials or user interaction and high impact on confidentiality and integrity.

An unauthenticated attacker can exploit the weakness to bypass authorization controls and perform actions that read or modify sensitive data within the application. Because the attack requires no privileges, it can be launched remotely against any exposed Modoboa instance running an affected release.

Public references point to a fix merged in commit 7bcd3f6eb264d4e3e01071c97c2bac51cdd6fe97, which updates the codebase to version 2.1.0; administrators are therefore advised to upgrade promptly. The associated huntr.dev bounty entry documents the same remediation path.

EPSS for the CVE reached a peak of 0.9092 and currently stands at 0.7782, indicating sustained and substantial exploitation interest after disclosure.

EU & UK References

Vulnerability details

Improper Authorization in GitHub repository modoboa/modoboa prior to 2.1.0.

CWE(s)

Related Threats

No named actor attribution yet. ATT&CK technique mapping in progress for this CVE.

Affected Assets

modoboa
modoboa
≤ 2.1.0

Mitigating Controls

Likely Mitigating Controls AI

Per-CVE control mapping for this CVE has not run yet; the list below is derived from the weakness types (CWEs) cited in the NVD entry.

addresses: CWE-285

Documented procedures facilitate correct implementation and ongoing management of authorization decisions.

addresses: CWE-285

Periodic reviews identify and correct flaws in authorization decisions or enforcement.

addresses: CWE-285

The control's documentation requirement reduces improper authorization by ensuring only mission-justified actions bypass authentication.

addresses: CWE-285

Establishing permitted attributes and values, plus auditing changes, ensures authorization decisions are based on correctly managed policy data.

addresses: CWE-285

Explicitly mandates authorizing remote access types before permitting connections, directly mitigating improper authorization.

addresses: CWE-285

The control explicitly requires authorization of each wireless access type prior to permitting connections.

addresses: CWE-285

Mandating explicit authorization of mobile device connections reduces the risk of improper authorization decisions for system access.

addresses: CWE-285

Specifying access authorizations for each account and requiring approvals for account requests enforces proper authorization decisions.

References