Cyber Resilience

CVE-2023-22919

RCE in Zyxel Nbg6604 Firmware 1.01\(abir.0\)c0

RCECommand Injection
Published
01 May 2023
Modified
21 November 2024
Patch / advisory
View advisory
CVSS Score v3.1 8.8
Click a component to see what it means
Raw vectorCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
EPSS Score 0.016 74th percentile
Risk Priority 71 floored blend · peak EPSS

Summary

CVE-2023-22919 is a high-severity OS Command Injection (CWE-78) vulnerability in Zyxel Nbg6604 Firmware. Its CVSS base score is 8.8 (High).

Operationally, exploitation aligns with the MITRE ATT&CK technique Command and Scripting Interpreter (T1059); ranked in the top 26% of CVEs by exploit likelihood; it is not currently listed in the CISA KEV catalog.

Deeper analysis AI-assisted summary

Synthesised by an AI model from the NVD description and linked references — a reading aid, not an authoritative source.

The vulnerability is a post-authentication command injection flaw, tracked as CVE-2023-22919 and assigned CWE-78, that affects the Zyxel NBG6604 home router running firmware version V1.01(ABIR.0)C0. An authenticated user can submit a crafted HTTP request that results in execution of arbitrary operating-system commands on the device.

An attacker who already possesses valid credentials can exploit the issue over the network with low attack complexity and no user interaction required. Successful exploitation grants the ability to run OS commands remotely, producing high impact on the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of the affected router.

The vendor has published a security advisory that addresses the post-authentication command-injection vulnerability in the NBG6604 firmware. The EPSS score has remained flat at 0.0622 with no material increase since disclosure.

OWASP Top 10 for Web (2025)

A05:2025 Injection

EU & UK References

Vulnerability Data

The post-authentication command injection vulnerability in the Zyxel NBG6604 firmware version V1.01(ABIR.0)C0 could allow an authenticated attacker to execute some OS commands remotely by sending a crafted HTTP request.

CWE(s)
CWE-78

Related Threats

MITRE ATT&CK Enterprise Techniques

T1059 Command and Scripting Interpreter Execution
Adversaries may abuse command and script interpreters to execute commands, scripts, or binaries.
attack.mitre.org →
T1059.003 Windows Command Shell Execution
Adversaries may abuse the Windows command shell for execution.
attack.mitre.org →
T1059.004 Unix Shell Execution
Adversaries may abuse Unix shell commands and scripts for execution.
attack.mitre.org →
T1059.001 PowerShell Execution
Adversaries may abuse PowerShell commands and scripts for execution.
attack.mitre.org →
T1190 Exploit Public-Facing Application Initial Access
Adversaries may attempt to exploit a weakness in an Internet-facing host or system to initially access a network.
attack.mitre.org →
Derived from this CVE’s CWE(s) via the direct CWE→ATT&CK cross-walk.

CVEs Like This One

CVE-2023-33013Same product: Zyxel Nbg6604
CVE-2023-27991Same vendor: Zyxel
CVE-2024-40890Same vendor: Zyxel
CVE-2024-29972Same vendor: Zyxel
CVE-2024-6342Same vendor: Zyxel
CVE-2026-1459Same vendor: Zyxel
CVE-2026-1460Same vendor: Zyxel
CVE-2025-8078Same vendor: Zyxel
CVE-2023-4473Same vendor: Zyxel
CVE-2023-34138Same vendor: Zyxel

Affected Assets

zyxel
nbg6604 firmware
1.01\(abir.0\)c0

Mitigating Controls

Control response

Prevent
Stop it (NIST 800-53)

—

Detect
Catch it (NIST detect / respond)

—

Harden
Shrink the surface (DISA STIG)

—

Validate
Prove the fix (OWASP ASVS)
  • V1.2.5
  • V1.2.8
  • V15.2.5

Likely Mitigating Controls AI

Per-CVE control mapping for this CVE has not run yet; the list below is derived from the weakness types (CWEs) cited in the NVD entry.

SC-27 Platform-independent Applications
addresses: CWE-78

Platform-independent apps typically execute inside a managed runtime or sandbox that restricts direct OS command execution, reducing the ability to exploit OS command injection.

SI-10 Information Input Validation
addresses: CWE-78

Validates inputs to block special elements that would alter OS command execution.

Mitigating Controls (NIST CSF 2.0) AI

Derived directly from the weakness types (CWEs) cited in the NVD entry via our AI-authored CWE→CSF cross-walk (authority under review) — links open the control.

PR.PS-06 mostly match
prevents

PR.PS-06's SDLC practices directly require secure coding and input handling that blocks command-injection defects, yet the single broad outcome leaves many specific neutralization vectors and verification gaps unaddressed.

PR.PS-02 partial match
prevents

Routine patching/maintenance can remediate known command-injection CVEs in dependencies (partial forward) but does nothing to stop developers from introducing improper neutralization in custom code (none reverse).

Mitigating Controls (ISO/IEC 27001:2022 Annex A) AI

Derived directly from the weakness types (CWEs) cited in the NVD entry via our AI-authored CWE→ISO cross-walk (authority under review) — links open the control.

A.8.29 Security testing in development and acceptance mostly match
finds

Security testing and code review target insecure use of operating-system command interfaces, catching command-injection flaws introduced during development.

References