Security Resilience

CVE-2023-26039

RCE in Zoneminder ≤ 1.36.33

RCECommand Injection
Published
25 February 2023
Modified
21 November 2024
Patch / advisory
View advisory
CVSS Score v3.1 7.1
Click a component to see what it means
Raw vectorCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:H/A:N
EPSS Score 0.013 69th percentile
Risk Priority 61 floored blend · peak EPSS

CVSS and EPSS are reproduced from their sources (NVD, FIRST EPSS). EPSS scores by FIRST (EPSS SIG), generated by Empirical Security. Risk Priority is our own derived reading, not an NVD score.

Summary

CVE-2023-26039 is a high-severity OS Command Injection (CWE-78) vulnerability in Zoneminder. Its CVSS base score is 7.1 (High).

Operationally, exploitation aligns with the MITRE ATT&CK technique Command and Scripting Interpreter (T1059); ranked in the top 31% of CVEs by exploit likelihood; it is not currently listed in the CISA KEV catalog.

Deeper analysis AI-assisted summary

Synthesised by an AI model from the NVD description and linked references — a reading aid, not an authoritative source.

ZoneMinder is an open source Linux-based CCTV application supporting IP, USB, and analog cameras. Versions prior to 1.36.33 and 1.37.33 contain an OS command injection vulnerability (CWE-78) in the daemonControl function within web/api/app/Controller/HostController.php. The flaw allows construction of API requests that execute arbitrary shell commands.

Any authenticated user can exploit the issue over the network with low attack complexity to run commands as the web server user, resulting in partial confidentiality impact and high integrity impact according to the CVSS 7.1 score. No user interaction or special setup is required beyond valid credentials.

The GitHub security advisory GHSA-44q8-h2pw-cc9g states that the vulnerability is resolved in ZoneMinder 1.36.33 and 1.37.33. The associated EPSS score has remained flat at 0.0584 with no material increase since disclosure.

OWASP Top 10 for Web (2025)

A05:2025 Injection

EU & UK References

Vulnerability Data

ZoneMinder is a free, open source Closed-circuit television software application for Linux which supports IP, USB and Analog cameras. Versions prior to 1.36.33 and 1.37.33 contain an OS Command Injection via daemonControl() in (/web/api/app/Controller/HostController.php). Any authenticated user can construct an…

more

api command to execute any shell command as the web user. This issue is patched in versions 1.36.33 and 1.37.33.

CWE(s)
CWE-78

Related Threats

MITRE ATT&CK Enterprise Techniques

T1059 Command and Scripting Interpreter Execution
Adversaries may abuse command and script interpreters to execute commands, scripts, or binaries.
attack.mitre.org →
T1059.003 Windows Command Shell Execution
Adversaries may abuse the Windows command shell for execution.
attack.mitre.org →
T1068 Exploitation for Privilege Escalation Privilege Escalation
Adversaries may exploit software vulnerabilities in an attempt to elevate privileges.
attack.mitre.org →
T1584.008 Network Devices Resource Development
Adversaries may compromise third-party network devices that can be used during targeting.
attack.mitre.org →
T1059.001 PowerShell Execution
Adversaries may abuse PowerShell commands and scripts for execution.
attack.mitre.org →
T1059.004 Unix Shell Execution
Adversaries may abuse Unix shell commands and scripts for execution.
attack.mitre.org →
Derived from this CVE’s CWE(s) via the direct CWE→ATT&CK cross-walk.

CVEs Like This One

CVE-2025-65791Same product: Zoneminder Zoneminder
CVE-2024-52020Shared CWE-78
CVE-2024-24329Shared CWE-78
CVE-2017-6884Shared CWE-78
CVE-2025-1316Shared CWE-78
CVE-2025-24938Shared CWE-78
CVE-2025-57639Shared CWE-78
CVE-2025-36245Shared CWE-78
CVE-2025-36567Shared CWE-78
CVE-2024-14010Shared CWE-78

Affected Assets

zoneminder
zoneminder
≤ 1.36.33 · 1.37.00 — 1.37.33

Mitigating Controls

Control response

Prevent
Stop it (NIST 800-53)

—

Detect
Catch it (NIST detect / respond)

—

Harden
Shrink the surface (DISA STIG)

—

Validate
Prove the fix (OWASP ASVS)
  • V1.2.5
  • V1.2.8

Likely Mitigating Controls AI

Per-CVE control mapping for this CVE has not run yet; the list below is derived from the weakness types (CWEs) cited in the NVD entry.

SC-27 Platform-independent Applications
addresses: CWE-78

Platform-independent apps typically execute inside a managed runtime or sandbox that restricts direct OS command execution, reducing the ability to exploit OS command injection.

SI-10 Information Input Validation
addresses: CWE-78

Validates inputs to block special elements that would alter OS command execution.

Mitigating Controls (NIST CSF 2.0) AI

Derived directly from the weakness types (CWEs) cited in the NVD entry via our AI-authored CWE→CSF cross-walk (authority under review) — links open the control.

PR.PS-06 mostly match
blocks

PR.PS-06's SDLC practices directly require secure coding and input handling that blocks command-injection defects, yet the single broad outcome leaves many specific neutralization vectors and verification gaps unaddressed.

PR.PS-02 partial match
blocks

Routine patching/maintenance can remediate known command-injection CVEs in dependencies (partial forward) but does nothing to stop developers from introducing improper neutralization in custom code (none reverse).

Mitigating Controls (ISO/IEC 27001:2022 Annex A) AI

Derived directly from the weakness types (CWEs) cited in the NVD entry via our AI-authored CWE→ISO cross-walk (authority under review) — links open the control.

A.8.29 Security testing in development and acceptance mostly match
finds

Security testing and code review target insecure use of operating-system command interfaces, catching command-injection flaws introduced during development.

References