Cyber Resilience

CVE-2023-27253

Netgate Pfsense 2.7.0

Public PoCHigh EPSS
Published
17 March 2023
Modified
21 November 2024
Patch / advisory
CVSS Score v3.1 8.8
Click a component to see what it means
Raw vectorCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
EPSS Score 0.90 99.8th percentile
Risk Priority 90 floored blend · peak EPSS

Summary

CVE-2023-27253 is a high-severity aka Blind XPath Injection (CWE-91) vulnerability in Netgate Pfsense. Its CVSS base score is 8.8 (High).

Operationally, exploitation aligns with the MITRE ATT&CK technique Content Injection (T1659); ranked in the top 0.2% of CVEs by exploit likelihood; it is not currently listed in the CISA KEV catalog; a public proof-of-concept is referenced.

Deeper analysis AI-assisted summary

Synthesised by an AI model from the NVD description and linked references — a reading aid, not an authoritative source.

A command injection vulnerability tracked as CVE-2023-27253 affects the restore_rrddata() function in Netgate pfSense version 2.7.0. The flaw resides in the handling of the config.xml component and stems from insufficient validation of XML content, enabling an attacker to inject operating-system commands. It carries a CVSS 3.1 score of 8.8 and is also associated with CWE-91.

An authenticated attacker with network access can supply a crafted XML file to the affected component and thereby execute arbitrary commands on the underlying system. Because the attack requires only low privileges and no user interaction, successful exploitation can result in full confidentiality, integrity, and availability impact on the pfSense instance.

Public references point to a corrective commit in the pfSense repository and a corresponding Redmine issue that document the remediation steps. The same references include a public exploit archive entry describing the restore-rrd-data injection vector, indicating that patch application or upgrade to a fixed release is the primary mitigation path. The associated EPSS score remains near 0.79 with negligible movement between its recorded peak and current values.

OWASP Top 10 for Web (2025)

EU & UK References

Vulnerability Data

A command injection vulnerability in the function restore_rrddata() of Netgate pfSense v2.7.0 allows authenticated attackers to execute arbitrary commands via manipulating the contents of an XML file supplied to the component config.xml.

CWE(s)

Related Threats

MITRE ATT&CK Enterprise Techniques

T1659 Content Injection Initial Access
Adversaries may gain access and continuously communicate with victims by injecting malicious content into systems through online network traffic.
T1190 Exploit Public-Facing Application Initial Access
Adversaries may attempt to exploit a weakness in an Internet-facing host or system to initially access a network.
Derived from this CVE’s CWE(s) via the direct CWE→ATT&CK cross-walk.

CVEs Like This One

CVE-2019-16667Same product: Netgate Pfsense
CVE-2023-42327Same product: Netgate Pfsense
CVE-2024-46538Same product: Netgate Pfsense
CVE-2023-42325Same product: Netgate Pfsense
CVE-2023-42326Same product: Netgate Pfsense
CVE-2023-48123Same product: Netgate Pfsense
CVE-2025-9375Shared CWE-91
CVE-2025-54251Shared CWE-91
CVE-2026-1554Shared CWE-91
CVE-2024-25413Shared CWE-91

Affected Assets

netgate
pfsense
2.7.0

Mitigating Controls

Mitigating Controls (NIST CSF 2.0) AI

Derived directly from the weakness types (CWEs) cited in the NVD entry via our AI-authored CWE→CSF cross-walk (authority under review) — links open the control.

PR.PS-06 mostly match
prevents

Secure SDLC directly requires input neutralization and validation that eliminates XML injection flaws.

Mitigating Controls (ISO/IEC 27001:2022 Annex A) AI

Derived directly from the weakness types (CWEs) cited in the NVD entry via our AI-authored CWE→ISO cross-walk (authority under review) — links open the control.

finds

Security testing catches XML injection during development but does not itself implement the fix.

A.8.15 Logging partial match
finds

Logging can record injection attempts for detection but does not prevent the weakness.

finds

Monitoring can detect exploitation but provides no preventive control over XML handling.

prevents

Secure SDLC mandates input validation and output encoding that directly prevent XML injection.

prevents

Application security requirements explicitly call for defenses against injection flaws including XML.

prevents

Secure architecture principles reduce attack surface but do not prescribe XML-specific controls.

References