Security Resilience

CVE-2023-28815

Published
17 October 2025
Modified
15 April 2026
CVSS Score v3.1 9.8
Click a component to see what it means
Raw vectorCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
EPSS Score 0.014 72th percentile
Risk Priority 74 floored blend · peak EPSS

CVSS and EPSS are reproduced from their sources (NVD, FIRST EPSS). Risk Priority is our own derived reading, not an NVD score.

Summary

CVE-2023-28815 is a critical-severity Improper Neutralization of Parameter/Argument Delimiters (CWE-141) vulnerability. Its CVSS base score is 9.8 (Critical).

Operationally, exploitation aligns with the MITRE ATT&CK technique NTDS (T1003.003); ranked in the top 28% of CVEs by exploit likelihood; it is not currently listed in the CISA KEV catalog.

The strongest mitigations our analysis identified map to SI-10 (Information Input Validation) — see the control section below for these in your framework.

Deeper analysis AI-assisted summary

Synthesised by an AI model from the NVD description and linked references — a reading aid, not an authoritative source.

CVE-2023-28815 is a command injection vulnerability stemming from insufficient parameter validation in some versions of Hikvision's iSecure Center product. iSecure Center is software released exclusively for China's domestic market, with no overseas release. The issue is mapped to CWE-141 and carries a CVSS v3.1 base score of 9.8 (AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H).

Remote, unauthenticated attackers can exploit this vulnerability over the network with low complexity and no user interaction required. Successful exploitation enables attackers to gain platform privileges and execute arbitrary commands on the affected system, potentially leading to full compromise.

Hikvision has issued a security notice on this vulnerability, available at https://www.hikvision.com/cn/support/CybersecurityCenter/SecurityNotices/2023-04/.

EU & UK References

Vulnerability Data

Some versions of Hikvision's iSecure Center Product contain insufficient parameter validation, resulting in a command injection vulnerability. Attackers may exploit this to gain platform privileges and execute arbitrary commands on the system.iSecure Center is software released for China's domestic market…

more

only, with no overseas release.

CWE(s)
CWE-141

Related Threats

MITRE ATT&CK Enterprise Techniques

T1003.003 NTDS Credential Access
Adversaries may attempt to access or create a copy of the Active Directory domain database in order to steal credential information, as well as obtain other information about domain members such as devices, users, and access rights.
attack.mitre.org →
T1003.005 Cached Domain Credentials Credential Access
Adversaries may attempt to access cached domain credentials used to allow authentication to occur in the event a domain controller is unavailable.
attack.mitre.org →
T1003.006 DCSync Credential Access
Adversaries may attempt to access credentials and other sensitive information by abusing a Windows Domain Controller's application programming interface (API)(Citation: Microsoft DRSR Dec 2017) (Citation: Microsoft GetNCCChanges) (Citati…
attack.mitre.org →
T1003.008 /etc/passwd and /etc/shadow Credential Access
Adversaries may attempt to dump the contents of <code>/etc/passwd</code> and <code>/etc/shadow</code> to enable offline password cracking.
attack.mitre.org →
T1007 System Service Discovery Discovery
Adversaries may try to gather information about registered local system services.
attack.mitre.org →
T1011.001 Exfiltration Over Bluetooth Exfiltration
Adversaries may attempt to exfiltrate data over Bluetooth rather than the command and control channel.
attack.mitre.org →
Derived from this CVE’s CWE(s) via the direct CWE→ATT&CK cross-walk.

CVEs Like This One

CVE-2025-31329Shared CWE-141
CVE-2025-20338Shared CWE-141
CVE-2026-56813Shared CWE-141
CVE-2026-20200Shared CWE-141
CVE-2024-0840Shared CWE-141
CVE-2026-19594Shared CWE-141

Affected Assets

—
Some
inferred from references and description; NVD did not file a CPE for this CVE

Mitigating Controls

Mitigating Controls (NIST 800-53 r5) AI

SI-10 Information Input Validation good match

Input validation directly requires checking and neutralizing delimiter characters in received data before forwarding to downstream components.

Mitigating Controls (NIST CSF 2.0) AI

Derived directly from the weakness types (CWEs) cited in the NVD entry via our AI-authored CWE→CSF cross-walk (authority under review) — links open the control.

PR.PS-06 partial match
blocks

Secure SDLC practices directly require input neutralization to prevent delimiter injection.

Mitigating Controls (ISO/IEC 27001:2022 Annex A) AI

Derived directly from the weakness types (CWEs) cited in the NVD entry via our AI-authored CWE→ISO cross-walk (authority under review) — links open the control.

A.5.1 Policies for information security partial match
removes
A.7.6 Working in secure areas partial match
removes
A.8.19 Installation of software on operational systems partial match
removes
A.8.25 Secure development life cycle partial match
blocks

A.8.25 mandates secure SDLC practices including secure coding guidelines, security requirements, checkpoints, testing (scans/penetration), and developer training that reach improper neutralization of delimiters, but leaves a bounded remainder (e.g. incomplete implementation of guidelines, outsourced development without full assurance, or non-code injection vectors).

A.8.26 Application security requirements partial match
blocks

A.8.26 explicitly lists resilience against SQL injections (and similar) as an application security requirement to be identified/addressed in development or acquisition, which stops exploitation of delimiter mishandling for a bounded minority slice of CWE-141 instances; most instances arise from missing neutralization in custom code or libraries outside the requirements process.

A.8.27 Secure system architecture and engineering principles partial match
blocks

Secure system architecture principles encourage safe interfaces but do not prescribe delimiter neutralization.

References