Cyber Resilience

CVE-2023-33246

RCE in Apache Rocketmq ≤ 4.9.6

CISA KEVActive ExploitationEUVD ExploitedPublic PoCRCE
Published
24 May 2023
Modified
23 October 2025
KEV Added
06 September 2023
Patch / advisory
CVSS Score v3.1 9.8
Click a component to see what it means
Raw vectorCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
EPSS Score 0.97 99.9th percentile
Risk Priority 97 floored blend · peak EPSS

Summary

CVE-2023-33246 is a critical-severity Code Injection (CWE-94) vulnerability in Apache Rocketmq. Its CVSS base score is 9.8 (Critical).

Operationally, exploitation aligns with the MITRE ATT&CK technique Command and Scripting Interpreter (T1059); ranked in the top 0.1% of CVEs by exploit likelihood; CISA has added it to the Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalog; a public proof-of-concept is referenced.

Deeper analysis AI-assisted summary

Synthesised by an AI model from the NVD description and linked references — a reading aid, not an authoritative source.

CVE-2023-33246 is a remote code execution vulnerability affecting Apache RocketMQ versions 5.1.0 and earlier. It stems from exposed NameServer, Broker, and Controller components that lack authentication and authorization checks, combined with an unauthenticated update configuration function and the ability to forge RocketMQ protocol messages. The flaw is classified under CWE-94 and carries a CVSS 3.1 score of 9.8.

An unauthenticated remote attacker who can reach the affected components over the network can invoke the configuration update mechanism or craft malicious protocol packets to execute arbitrary commands with the privileges of the user running RocketMQ. This grants full control over the message-broker processes and any data or systems they can access.

Apache advisories and the referenced OSS-Security disclosure recommend immediate upgrade to RocketMQ 5.1.1 or newer for the 5.x branch and 4.9.6 or newer for the 4.x branch. Public exploit code has been posted to Packet Storm, and the vulnerability appears on the oss-security mailing list.

The associated EPSS score remains persistently high, with a current value of 0.9439 and a recorded peak of 0.9736.

OWASP Top 10 for Web (2025)

EU & UK References

Vulnerability Data

For RocketMQ versions 5.1.0 and below, under certain conditions, there is a risk of remote command execution. Several components of RocketMQ, including NameServer, Broker, and Controller, are leaked on the extranet and lack permission verification, an attacker can exploit this…

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vulnerability by using the update configuration function to execute commands as the system users that RocketMQ is running as. Additionally, an attacker can achieve the same effect by forging the RocketMQ protocol content. To prevent these attacks, users are recommended to upgrade to version 5.1.1 or above for using RocketMQ 5.x or 4.9.6 or above for using RocketMQ 4.x .

CWE(s)
KEV Date Added
06 September 2023

Related Threats

MITRE ATT&CK Enterprise Techniques

T1059 Command and Scripting Interpreter Execution
Adversaries may abuse command and script interpreters to execute commands, scripts, or binaries.
T1059.001 PowerShell Execution
Adversaries may abuse PowerShell commands and scripts for execution.
T1059.002 AppleScript Execution
Adversaries may abuse AppleScript for execution.
T1059.004 Unix Shell Execution
Adversaries may abuse Unix shell commands and scripts for execution.
T1059.005 Visual Basic Execution
Adversaries may abuse Visual Basic (VB) for execution.
T1059.006 Python Execution
Adversaries may abuse Python commands and scripts for execution.
Derived from this CVE’s CWE(s) via the direct CWE→ATT&CK cross-walk.

CVEs Like This One

CVE-2023-37582Same product: Apache Rocketmq
CVE-2012-0391Same vendor: Apacheboth on KEV
CVE-2019-0193Same vendor: Apacheboth on KEV
CVE-2026-34197Same vendor: Apacheboth on KEV
CVE-2026-40563Same vendor: Apache
CVE-2025-59059Same vendor: Apache
CVE-2024-51941Same vendor: Apache
CVE-2024-36268Same vendor: Apache
CVE-2023-51387Same vendor: Apache
CVE-2024-29178Same vendor: Apache

Affected Assets

apache
rocketmq
≤ 4.9.6 · 5.0.0 — 5.1.1

Mitigating Controls

Control response

Prevent
Stop it (NIST 800-53)

Detect
Catch it (NIST detect / respond)

Harden
Shrink the surface (DISA STIG)

Validate
Prove the fix (OWASP ASVS)
  • V1.3.1

Likely Mitigating Controls AI

Per-CVE control mapping for this CVE has not run yet; the list below is derived from the weakness types (CWEs) cited in the NVD entry.

addresses: CWE-94

Makes persistent code injection into loaded programs impossible when the executable image itself resides on hardware-protected read-only media.

addresses: CWE-94

Dynamically generated code can be produced and executed inside the isolated chamber, preventing host compromise from code-injection payloads.

addresses: CWE-94

Validates inputs used in dynamic code generation to block injected directives.

addresses: CWE-94

Directly prevents execution of attacker-supplied code written into data memory regions.

Mitigating Controls (NIST CSF 2.0) AI

Derived directly from the weakness types (CWEs) cited in the NVD entry via our AI-authored CWE→CSF cross-walk (authority under review) — links open the control.

PR.PS-06 mostly match
prevents

PR.PS-06's SDLC practices directly target injection flaws via secure coding and testing (mostly), yet as a single broad outcome it leaves many code-generation specifics unaddressed (partial).

PR.DS-10 none match
prevents

PR.DS-10 protects runtime data confidentiality/integrity but has no bearing on neutralizing externally influenced input during code generation, so neither direction shows any preventive effect.

Mitigating Controls (ISO/IEC 27001:2022 Annex A) AI

Derived directly from the weakness types (CWEs) cited in the NVD entry via our AI-authored CWE→ISO cross-walk (authority under review) — links open the control.

prevents

Banning unapproved code samples and unauthenticated web services, combined with secure-coding standards and SAST, prevents the dynamic generation or inclusion of attacker-supplied code.

none

Controls that restrict unauthorized or malicious code from being introduced via external networks or removable media limit opportunities for an attacker to inject and execute arbitrary code.

References