Security Resilience

CVE-2023-34102

Avohq Avo ≤ 2.33.2

Public PoC
Published
05 June 2023
Modified
21 November 2024
Patch / advisory
CVSS Score v3.1 8.3
Click a component to see what it means
Raw vectorCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:H/A:H
EPSS Score 0.016 75th percentile
Risk Priority 70 floored blend · peak EPSS

CVSS and EPSS are reproduced from their sources (NVD, FIRST EPSS). Risk Priority is our own derived reading, not an NVD score.

Summary

CVE-2023-34102 is a high-severity Improper Input Validation (CWE-20) vulnerability in Avohq Avo. Its CVSS base score is 8.3 (High).

Operationally, exploitation aligns with the MITRE ATT&CK technique Data Obfuscation (T1001); ranked in the top 25% of CVEs by exploit likelihood; it is not currently listed in the CISA KEV catalog; a public proof-of-concept is referenced.

Deeper analysis AI-assisted summary

Synthesised by an AI model from the NVD description and linked references — a reading aid, not an authoritative source.

Avo is an open source Ruby on Rails framework for building admin panels. The vulnerability exists in its polymorphic field type, which accepts and stores class names supplied through user input during record updates without performing backend validation. This flaw, tracked under CWE-20 and CWE-470, received a CVSS 3.1 score of 8.3 and was addressed in commit ec117882ddb1b519481bdd046dc3cfa4474e6e17.

An authenticated attacker with low privileges can supply a manipulated class reference over the network. When an administrator later views the altered record, the application may execute arbitrary code, exhibit unexpected behavior, or crash.

The project security advisory and associated commit state that the issue is resolved in the referenced patch and recommend restricting access from untrusted users until a subsequent release is deployed. The associated EPSS score rose from a low baseline to a peak of 0.0887 on 2026-02-28 before receding to its current value of 0.0224.

OWASP Top 10 for Web (2025)

EU & UK References

Vulnerability Data

Avo is an open source ruby on rails admin panel creation framework. The polymorphic field type stores the classes to operate on when updating a record with user input, and does not validate them in the back end. This can…

more

lead to unexpected behavior, remote code execution, or application crashes when viewing a manipulated record. This issue has been addressed in commit `ec117882d` which is expected to be included in subsequent releases. Users are advised to limit access to untrusted users until a new release is made.

CWE(s)

Related Threats

MITRE ATT&CK Enterprise Techniques

T1001 Data Obfuscation Command And Control
Adversaries may obfuscate command and control traffic to make it more difficult to detect.
T1001.002 Steganography Command And Control
Adversaries may use steganographic techniques to hide command and control traffic to make detection efforts more difficult.
T1003.008 /etc/passwd and /etc/shadow Credential Access
Adversaries may attempt to dump the contents of <code>/etc/passwd</code> and <code>/etc/shadow</code> to enable offline password cracking.
T1006 Direct Volume Access Stealth
Adversaries may directly access a volume to bypass file access controls and file system monitoring.
T1008 Fallback Channels Command And Control
Adversaries may use fallback or alternate communication channels if the primary channel is compromised or inaccessible in order to maintain reliable command and control and to avoid data transfer thresholds.
T1011 Exfiltration Over Other Network Medium Exfiltration
Adversaries may attempt to exfiltrate data over a different network medium than the command and control channel.
Derived from this CVE’s CWE(s) via the direct CWE→ATT&CK cross-walk.

CVEs Like This One

CVE-2023-34103Same product: Avohq Avo
CVE-2026-33209Same product: Avohq Avo
CVE-2024-22411Same product: Avohq Avo
CVE-2024-22191Same product: Avohq Avo
CVE-2021-21985Shared CWE-20, CWE-470
CVE-2026-8178Shared CWE-470
CVE-2023-6943Shared CWE-470
CVE-2023-32217Shared CWE-470
CVE-2024-8015Shared CWE-470
CVE-2024-6096Shared CWE-470

Affected Assets

avohq
avo
3.0.0 · ≤ 2.33.2

Mitigating Controls

Likely Mitigating Controls AI

Per-CVE control mapping for this CVE has not run yet; the list below is derived from the weakness types (CWEs) cited in the NVD entry.

addresses: CWE-20

Security testing and developer training directly verify and enforce proper input validation, reducing exploitability of injection and malformed-data weaknesses.

addresses: CWE-20

Security testing and evaluation at multiple SDLC stages directly detects missing or flawed input validation, with the required remediation process ensuring fixes are applied.

addresses: CWE-470

Externally controlled class or code selection can be resolved and invoked inside the chamber, surfacing unsafe reflection without system impact.

addresses: CWE-20

Directly implements checks on information inputs to reject invalid data before processing.

addresses: CWE-20

Spam protection mechanisms perform filtering and detection on inbound/outbound messages, directly compensating for missing or weak input validation of unsolicited content.

Mitigating Controls (NIST CSF 2.0) AI

Derived directly from the weakness types (CWEs) cited in the NVD entry via our AI-authored CWE→CSF cross-walk (authority under review) — links open the control.

ID.RA-01 partial match
blocks

Vulnerability identification processes can discover unsafe reflection during code review or scanning.

PR.PS-05 partial match
blocks

Preventing execution of unauthorized code can block exploitation of unsafe reflection at runtime.

PR.PS-06 partial match
blocks

Secure SDLC practices directly avoid introducing externally controlled class selection via reflection.

Mitigating Controls (ISO/IEC 27001:2022 Annex A) AI

Derived directly from the weakness types (CWEs) cited in the NVD entry via our AI-authored CWE→ISO cross-walk (authority under review) — links open the control.

blocks

A.8.25 mandates security requirements, secure coding guidelines, checkpoints, testing (incl. code scans) and developer training in the SDLC, which reaches a slice of input validation defects but leaves the majority (incomplete enforcement, second-order inputs, parser differentials, post-validation canonicalization) unaddressed as in the SA-3 and A.8.28 anchors.

blocks

Mandating input controls that include integrity checks and input validation ensures that untrusted data is examined before use, blocking the root cause of many injection and malformed-data weaknesses.

blocks

Security-by-design principles explicitly call for data validation and sanitization at every layer, reducing the chance that malformed or malicious input will be processed without scrutiny.

prevents

Requiring language-specific secure coding standards, peer review, SAST and documented mitigation of common programming errors forces validation of all inputs before they are trusted.

Hardening callouts derived

DISA STIG baselines are authored against specific weaknesses. Where this CVE cites a broad weakness class, the mapping is not asserted at that abstraction (owner ruling, 2026-09-25: grade only at Base and below), so no rule is shown here rather than a rule shown against the wrong grain.

  • No fine-grained STIG row for CWE-20, a class-level weakness, and none of its children carries one either.

References