Security Resilience

CVE-2023-3519

RCE in Citrix Netscaler Application Delivery Controller 12.1 – 12.1-55.297

CISA KEVActive ExploitationEUVD ExploitedPublic PoCRansomware-linkedRCE
Published
19 July 2023
Modified
05 August 2026
KEV Added
19 July 2023
Patch / advisory
CVSS Score v3.1 9.8
Click a component to see what it means
Raw vectorCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
EPSS Score 0.99 100.0th percentile
Risk Priority 97 floored blend · peak EPSS

CVSS and EPSS are reproduced from their sources (NVD, FIRST EPSS). Risk Priority is our own derived reading, not an NVD score.

Summary

CVE-2023-3519 is a critical-severity Code Injection (CWE-94) vulnerability in Citrix Netscaler Application Delivery Controller. Its CVSS base score is 9.8 (Critical).

Operationally, exploitation aligns with the MITRE ATT&CK technique Junk Data (T1001.001); ranked in the top 0.0% of CVEs by exploit likelihood; CISA has added it to the Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalog; a public proof-of-concept is referenced.

Deeper analysis AI-assisted summary

Synthesised by an AI model from the NVD description and linked references — a reading aid, not an authoritative source.

CVE-2023-3519 is an unauthenticated remote code execution vulnerability (CWE-94) affecting Citrix ADC and Citrix Gateway appliances. It carries a CVSS 3.1 base score of 9.8, reflecting network attack vector, low attack complexity, and no requirements for authentication or user interaction, with high impact on confidentiality, integrity, and availability.

An unauthenticated attacker with network access can send specially crafted requests that trigger arbitrary code execution on the target appliance, enabling full compromise of the affected system including potential takeover of VPN sessions, authentication flows, or connected infrastructure.

Citrix security bulletin CTX561482 addresses the issue with patches and configuration guidance for supported ADC and Gateway versions; the bulletin is referenced by both vendor and CISA entries. CISA has added the CVE to its Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalog, confirming observed in-the-wild exploitation.

Public exploit code is available on Packet Storm, and the vulnerability maintains a very high EPSS score (current 0.9348, peak 0.9659), indicating sustained exploitation interest after disclosure.

OWASP Top 10 for Web (2025)

EU & UK References

Vulnerability Data

Unauthenticated remote code execution

CWE(s)
KEV Date Added
19 July 2023

Related Threats

Threat-Actor AttributionAI

UNC4841
Mandiant (Google Cloud) publicly attributed mass exploitation of CVE-2023-3519 in Citrix appliances to UNC4841 espionage operations.
Google LLC (civil insider-recruitment defendant)
Threat Actors Exploiting Citrix CVE-2023-3519 to Implant Webshells | CISA
Microsoft Corp. (Salesforce / Slack engineer recruitment claims)
Threat Actors Exploiting Citrix CVE-2023-3519 to Implant Webshells | CISA
AnonOps
Threat Actors Exploiting Citrix CVE-2023-3519 to Implant Webshells | CISA
North Korea Cyber Group Conducts Global Espionage Campaign to Advance Regime’s Military and Nuclear Programs | CISA
Storm-0530
North Korea Cyber Group Conducts Global Espionage Campaign to Advance Regime’s Military and Nuclear Programs | CISA
Maui ransomware
North Korea Cyber Group Conducts Global Espionage Campaign to Advance Regime’s Military and Nuclear Programs | CISA
CrowdStrike (McAfee / Symantec civil claims)
Iran-based Cyber Actors Enabling Ransomware Attacks on US Organizations | CISA
SentinelOne (Cylance / BlackBerry civil claims)
Iran-based Cyber Actors Enabling Ransomware Attacks on US Organizations | CISA
Darkhotel (G0012)
Iran-based Cyber Actors Enabling Ransomware Attacks on US Organizations | CISA
Fox Kitten (G0117)
Iran-based Cyber Actors Enabling Ransomware Attacks on US Organizations | CISA
Pay2Key
Iran-based Cyber Actors Enabling Ransomware Attacks on US Organizations | CISA
RansomHouse
Iran-based Cyber Actors Enabling Ransomware Attacks on US Organizations | CISA
br0k3r
Iran-based Cyber Actors Enabling Ransomware Attacks on US Organizations | CISA
Amazon.com (Walmart logistics engineer recruitment civil claims)
#StopRansomware: RansomHub Ransomware | CISA
Inception (G0100)
#StopRansomware: RansomHub Ransomware | CISA
RansomHub
#StopRansomware: RansomHub Ransomware | CISA
Apple Inc. (Masimo pulse-oximetry trade-secret 2020-2024)
2023 Top Routinely Exploited Vulnerabilities | CISA
Clop
2023 Top Routinely Exploited Vulnerabilities | CISA
l group
North Korea Cyber Group Conducts Global Espionage Campaign to Advance Regime’s Military and Nuclear Programs | CISA

MITRE ATT&CK Enterprise Techniques

T1001.001 Junk Data Command And Control
Adversaries may add junk data to protocols used for command and control to make detection more difficult.
T1001.003 Protocol or Service Impersonation Command And Control
Adversaries may impersonate legitimate protocols or web service traffic to disguise command and control activity and thwart analysis efforts.
T1003.006 DCSync Credential Access
Adversaries may attempt to access credentials and other sensitive information by abusing a Windows Domain Controller's application programming interface (API)(Citation: Microsoft DRSR Dec 2017) (Citation: Microsoft GetNCCChanges) (Citati…
T1003.007 Proc Filesystem Credential Access
Adversaries may gather credentials from the proc filesystem or `/proc`.
T1003.008 /etc/passwd and /etc/shadow Credential Access
Adversaries may attempt to dump the contents of <code>/etc/passwd</code> and <code>/etc/shadow</code> to enable offline password cracking.
T1007 System Service Discovery Discovery
Adversaries may try to gather information about registered local system services.
Derived from this CVE’s CWE(s) via the direct CWE→ATT&CK cross-walk.

CVEs Like This One

CVE-2023-6548Same product: Citrix Netscaler Application Delivery Controllerboth on KEV
CVE-2020-8218Same product class: VPN / SSL gatewayboth on KEV
CVE-2020-8243Same product class: VPN / SSL gatewayboth on KEV
CVE-2021-22900Same product class: VPN / SSL gatewayboth on KEV
CVE-2021-22894Same product class: VPN / SSL gatewayboth on KEV
CVE-2024-10644Same product class: VPN / SSL gateway
CVE-2026-0298Same product class: VPN / SSL gateway
CVE-2025-31365Same product class: VPN / SSL gateway
CVE-2023-45590Same product class: VPN / SSL gateway
CVE-2021-47935Same product class: VPN / SSL gateway

Affected Assets

citrix
netscaler application delivery controller
12.1 — 12.1-55.297 · 12.1 — 12.1-55.297 · 13.0 — 13.0-91.13
citrix
netscaler gateway
13.0 — 13.0-91.13 · 13.1 — 13.1-49.13

Mitigating Controls

Control response

Prevent
Stop it (NIST 800-53)

—

Detect
Catch it (NIST detect / respond)

—

Harden
Shrink the surface (DISA STIG)

—

Validate
Prove the fix (OWASP ASVS)
  • V1.3.1

Likely Mitigating Controls AI

Per-CVE control mapping for this CVE has not run yet; the list below is derived from the weakness types (CWEs) cited in the NVD entry.

addresses: CWE-94

Makes persistent code injection into loaded programs impossible when the executable image itself resides on hardware-protected read-only media.

addresses: CWE-94

Dynamically generated code can be produced and executed inside the isolated chamber, preventing host compromise from code-injection payloads.

addresses: CWE-94

Validates inputs used in dynamic code generation to block injected directives.

addresses: CWE-94

Directly prevents execution of attacker-supplied code written into data memory regions.

Mitigating Controls (NIST CSF 2.0) AI

Derived directly from the weakness types (CWEs) cited in the NVD entry via our AI-authored CWE→CSF cross-walk (authority under review) — links open the control.

PR.PS-06 mostly match
blocks

PR.PS-06's SDLC practices directly target injection flaws via secure coding and testing (mostly), yet as a single broad outcome it leaves many code-generation specifics unaddressed (partial).

PR.DS-10 none match
blocks

PR.DS-10 protects runtime data confidentiality/integrity but has no bearing on neutralizing externally influenced input during code generation, so neither direction shows any preventive effect.

Mitigating Controls (ISO/IEC 27001:2022 Annex A) AI

Derived directly from the weakness types (CWEs) cited in the NVD entry via our AI-authored CWE→ISO cross-walk (authority under review) — links open the control.

removes
removes
removes
removes
removes

References