Cyber Resilience

CVE-2023-37014

HighPublic PoCDDoS

Published: 22 January 2025

Published
22 January 2025
Modified
22 April 2025
KEV Added
Patch
CVSS Score v3.1 7.5 CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H
EPSS Score 0.0031 54.1th percentile
Risk Priority 15 60% EPSS · 20% KEV · 20% CVSS

Summary

CVE-2023-37014 is a high-severity Uncontrolled Resource Consumption (CWE-400) vulnerability in Open5Gs Open5Gs. Its CVSS base score is 7.5 (High).

Operationally, exploitation aligns with the MITRE ATT&CK technique Application or System Exploitation (T1499.004); ranked in the top 45.9% of CVEs by exploit likelihood; it is not currently listed in the CISA KEV catalog; a public proof-of-concept is referenced.

The strongest mitigations our analysis identified are NIST 800-53 SC-5 (Denial-of-service Protection) and SI-10 (Information Input Validation).

Deeper analysis

CVE-2023-37014 affects Open5GS Mobility Management Entity (MME) versions up to and including 2.6.4. The vulnerability stems from an assertion failure that can be remotely triggered by a malformed ASN.1 packet over the S1AP interface. Specifically, an attacker can send a UE Context Release Request message lacking the required MME_UE_S1AP_ID field, causing the MME process to crash.

Any remote unauthenticated attacker with network access to the S1AP interface can exploit this vulnerability. By repeatedly sending the malformed packet, the attacker can cause repeated crashes of the MME, resulting in a denial-of-service condition that disrupts core network services for user equipment context management. The CVSS v3.1 base score of 7.5 (AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H) reflects its high availability impact with low complexity and no privileges required.

Mitigation details are available in the advisory published at https://cellularsecurity.org/ransacked.

EU & UK References

Vulnerability details

Open5GS MME versions <= 2.6.4 contains an assertion that can be remotely triggered via a malformed ASN.1 packet over the S1AP interface. An attacker may send a `UE Context Release Request` message missing a required `MME_UE_S1AP_ID` field to repeatedly crash…

more

the MME, resulting in denial of service.

CWE(s)

Related Threats

MITRE ATT&CK Enterprise TechniquesAI

T1499.004 Application or System Exploitation Impact
Adversaries may exploit software vulnerabilities that can cause an application or system to crash and deny availability to users.
Why these techniques?

Malformed packet over S1AP triggers remote assertion failure crash in MME, directly enabling application exploitation for endpoint DoS.

Confidence: HIGH · MITRE ATT&CK Enterprise v18.1

CVEs Like This One

CVE-2024-56921Same product: Open5Gs Open5Gs
CVE-2023-37022Same product: Open5Gs Open5Gs
CVE-2024-57519Same product: Open5Gs Open5Gs
CVE-2025-15532Same product: Open5Gs Open5Gs
CVE-2026-2521Same product: Open5Gs Open5Gs
CVE-2024-24430Same product: Open5Gs Open5Gs
CVE-2026-1586Same product: Open5Gs Open5Gs
CVE-2024-34235Same product: Open5Gs Open5Gs
CVE-2026-4240Same product: Open5Gs Open5Gs
CVE-2023-37021Same product: Open5Gs Open5Gs

Affected Assets

open5gs
open5gs
≤ 2.6.4

Mitigating Controls

Mitigating Controls (NIST 800-53 r5) AI

prevent

Validates the syntax and required fields of incoming S1AP packets, such as MME_UE_S1AP_ID in UE Context Release Request, to prevent assertion failures from malformed ASN.1 structures.

prevent

Ensures the MME handles missing or invalid fields in S1AP messages without crashing, maintaining availability despite malformed inputs.

prevent

Implements protections like rate limiting on the S1AP interface to mitigate denial-of-service from repeated malformed packets causing MME crashes.

References