Security Resilience

CVE-2023-40028

Path Traversal in Ghost ≤ 5.59.1

Published
15 August 2023
Modified
21 November 2024
Patch / advisory
CVSS Score v3.1 4.9
Click a component to see what it means
Raw vectorCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N
EPSS Score 0.69 99.3th percentile
Risk Priority 70 floored blend · peak EPSS

CVSS and EPSS are reproduced from their sources (NVD, FIRST EPSS). Risk Priority is our own derived reading, not an NVD score.

Summary

CVE-2023-40028 is a medium-severity Path Traversal (CWE-22) vulnerability in Ghost Ghost. Its CVSS base score is 4.9 (Medium).

Operationally, exploitation aligns with the MITRE ATT&CK technique Data Obfuscation (T1001); ranked in the top 0.7% of CVEs by exploit likelihood; it is not currently listed in the CISA KEV catalog.

Deeper analysis AI-assisted summary

Synthesised by an AI model from the NVD description and linked references — a reading aid, not an authoritative source.

Ghost is an open source content management system affected by CVE-2023-40028 in all versions prior to 5.59.1. The flaw permits authenticated users to upload files that are symbolic links, which the application then follows during file operations. This stems from insufficient validation of uploaded content against symlink or path traversal risks (CWE-22 and CWE-59), enabling reads outside the intended content directory on the underlying host operating system. The issue carries a CVSS 4.9 score reflecting network attack vector, low complexity, and high-privilege requirements.

An authenticated attacker with the ability to upload files can place a symlink inside Ghost's content/ directory and subsequently retrieve the contents of any readable file on the host filesystem. Exploitation therefore yields arbitrary file disclosure but does not directly permit modification or service disruption. Because the vector requires authenticated access, the primary threat actors are users already holding accounts with upload privileges, such as editors or administrators.

The official Ghost security advisory GHSA-9c9v-w225-v5rg and the accompanying patch commit 690fbf3f7302ff3f77159c0795928bdd20f41205 state that version 5.59.1 contains the fix. Administrators are advised to upgrade immediately; the advisory also recommends inspecting the content/ folder for unrecognized symlinks as an indicator of prior exploitation. No workarounds are documented.

The EPSS score has reached a peak of 0.7970 with a current value of 0.7761, indicating sustained exploitation interest following disclosure.

OWASP Top 10 for Web (2025)

EU & UK References

Vulnerability Data

Ghost is an open source content management system. Versions prior to 5.59.1 are subject to a vulnerability which allows authenticated users to upload files that are symlinks. This can be exploited to perform an arbitrary file read of any file…

more

on the host operating system. Site administrators can check for exploitation of this issue by looking for unknown symlinks within Ghost's `content/` folder. Version 5.59.1 contains a fix for this issue. All users are advised to upgrade. There are no known workarounds for this vulnerability.

CWE(s)

Related Threats

MITRE ATT&CK Enterprise Techniques

T1001 Data Obfuscation Command And Control
Adversaries may obfuscate command and control traffic to make it more difficult to detect.
T1003.002 Security Account Manager Credential Access
Adversaries may attempt to extract credential material from the Security Account Manager (SAM) database either through in-memory techniques or through the Windows Registry where the SAM database is stored.
T1003.003 NTDS Credential Access
Adversaries may attempt to access or create a copy of the Active Directory domain database in order to steal credential information, as well as obtain other information about domain members such as devices, users, and access rights.
T1003.004 LSA Secrets Credential Access
Adversaries with SYSTEM access to a host may attempt to access Local Security Authority (LSA) secrets, which can contain a variety of different credential materials, such as credentials for service accounts.
T1003.005 Cached Domain Credentials Credential Access
Adversaries may attempt to access cached domain credentials used to allow authentication to occur in the event a domain controller is unavailable.
T1003.006 DCSync Credential Access
Adversaries may attempt to access credentials and other sensitive information by abusing a Windows Domain Controller's application programming interface (API)(Citation: Microsoft DRSR Dec 2017) (Citation: Microsoft GetNCCChanges) (Citati…
Derived from this CVE’s CWE(s) via the direct CWE→ATT&CK cross-walk.

CVEs Like This One

CVE-2023-32235Same product: Ghost Ghost
CVE-2024-12905Shared CWE-22, CWE-59
CVE-2026-32020Shared CWE-22, CWE-59
CVE-2022-21999Shared CWE-22, CWE-59
CVE-2024-57728Shared CWE-22, CWE-59
CVE-2026-41433Shared CWE-22, CWE-59
CVE-2026-42574Shared CWE-22, CWE-59
CVE-2026-6941Shared CWE-22, CWE-59
CVE-2026-24056Shared CWE-22, CWE-59
CVE-2026-44340Shared CWE-22, CWE-59

Affected Assets

ghost
ghost
≤ 5.59.1

Mitigating Controls

Control response

Prevent
Stop it (NIST 800-53)

—

Detect
Catch it (NIST detect / respond)

—

Harden
Shrink the surface (DISA STIG)

—

Validate
Prove the fix (OWASP ASVS)
  • V5.3.2

Likely Mitigating Controls AI

Per-CVE control mapping for this CVE has not run yet; the list below is derived from the weakness types (CWEs) cited in the NVD entry.

addresses: CWE-22

Validates pathnames and filenames to prevent traversal outside intended directories.

Mitigating Controls (NIST CSF 2.0) AI

Derived directly from the weakness types (CWEs) cited in the NVD entry via our AI-authored CWE→CSF cross-walk (authority under review) — links open the control.

PR.PS-02 partial match
blocks

Patching/maintenance can remediate known path-traversal flaws in deployed software (partial prevention of exploitability) but does nothing to stop the coding defect from being introduced in the first place.

PR.PS-06 partial match
blocks

Secure SDLC practices directly require code to validate paths and avoid unsafe link following.

PR.AA-05 none match
blocks

PR.AA-05 defines and reviews access policies but does not address code-level pathname neutralization, so neither direction prevents CWE-22.

Mitigating Controls (ISO/IEC 27001:2022 Annex A) AI

Derived directly from the weakness types (CWEs) cited in the NVD entry via our AI-authored CWE→ISO cross-walk (authority under review) — links open the control.

removes
removes
removes
removes
removes

References