Cyber Resilience

CVE-2023-40158

Cbc Nr4H Firmware

Published
23 August 2023
Modified
21 November 2024
Patch / advisory
CVSS Score v3.1 8.8
Click a component to see what it means
Raw vectorCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
EPSS Score 0.013 68th percentile
Risk Priority 71 floored blend · peak EPSS

CVSS and EPSS are reproduced from their sources (NVD, FIRST EPSS). Risk Priority is our own derived reading, not an NVD score.

Summary

CVE-2023-40158 is a high-severity Hidden Functionality (CWE-912) vulnerability in Cbc Nr4H Firmware. Its CVSS base score is 8.8 (High).

Operationally, exploitation aligns with the MITRE ATT&CK technique Redundant Access (T1108); ranked in the top 32% of CVEs by exploit likelihood; it is not currently listed in the CISA KEV catalog.

Deeper analysis AI-assisted summary

Synthesised by an AI model from the NVD description and linked references — a reading aid, not an authoritative source.

CVE-2023-40158 is a hidden functionality vulnerability affecting certain CBC products from Ganz Security, including the NR4H, NR8H, NR16H, DR-16F, DR-8F, DR-4F, DR-16H, DR-8H, DR-4H, and DR-4M41 series. The flaw permits a remote authenticated attacker to execute arbitrary operating system commands on the device or modify its configuration settings. Several of the listed product lines are end-of-life and receive no vendor updates.

An attacker with valid low-privileged credentials can exploit the issue over the network without user interaction. Successful exploitation yields full control over the affected device, enabling arbitrary command execution and configuration changes that impact confidentiality, integrity, and availability.

Vendor advisories published on ganzsecurity.com and coordinated through JVN recommend applying the security notices referenced in the product release pages. Unsupported models receive no patches, leaving them permanently exposed.

The associated EPSS score has remained flat at 0.0612 with no material increase since disclosure.

EU & UK References

Vulnerability Data

Hidden functionality vulnerability in the CBC products allows a remote authenticated attacker to execute an arbitrary OS command on the device or alter its settings. As for the affected products/versions, see the detailed information provided by the vendor. Note that…

more

NR4H, NR8H, NR16H series and DR-16F, DR-8F, DR-4F, DR-16H, DR-8H, DR-4H, DR-4M41 series are no longer supported, therefore updates for those products are not provided.

CWE(s)

Related Threats

MITRE ATT&CK Enterprise Techniques

T1108 Redundant Access Stealth
**This technique has been deprecated.
T1505 Server Software Component Persistence
Adversaries may abuse legitimate extensible development features of servers to establish persistent access to systems.
T1505.003 Web Shell Persistence
Adversaries may backdoor web servers with web shells to establish persistent access to systems.
T1554 Compromise Host Software Binary Persistence
Adversaries may modify host software binaries to establish persistent access to systems.
T1195 Supply Chain Compromise Initial Access
Adversaries may manipulate products or product delivery mechanisms prior to receipt by a final consumer for the purpose of data or system compromise.
T1195.002 Compromise Software Supply Chain Initial Access
Adversaries may manipulate application software prior to receipt by a final consumer for the purpose of data or system compromise.
Derived from this CVE’s CWE(s) via the direct CWE→ATT&CK cross-walk.

CVEs Like This One

CVE-2023-38585Same product: Cbc Dr-16F42A
CVE-2023-40144Same product: Cbc Dr-16F42A
CVE-2024-37990Shared CWE-912
CVE-2025-55075Shared CWE-912
CVE-2026-33280Shared CWE-912
CVE-2025-9382Shared CWE-912
CVE-2025-0675Shared CWE-912
CVE-2023-42134Shared CWE-912
CVE-2026-30704Shared CWE-912
CVE-2026-61515Shared CWE-912

Affected Assets

cbc
nr4h firmware
all versions
cbc
nr8h firmware
all versions
cbc
nr16h firmware
all versions
cbc
dr-16f42a firmware
all versions
cbc
dr-16f45at firmware
all versions
cbc
dr-8f42a firmware
all versions
cbc
dr-8f45at firmware
all versions
cbc
dr-4fx1 firmware
all versions
cbc
dr-16h firmware
all versions
cbc
dr-8h firmware
all versions
+13 more product configuration(s) — see NVD for full list

Mitigating Controls

Likely Mitigating Controls AI

Per-CVE control mapping for this CVE has not run yet; the list below is derived from the weakness types (CWEs) cited in the NVD entry.

addresses: CWE-912

Documenting every system component at the required granularity and reviewing the inventory detects or prevents hidden functionality from remaining undetected.

addresses: CWE-912

Recovery eliminates hidden functionality or backdoors introduced during compromise.

addresses: CWE-912

Policy requires supplier transparency and testing to detect hidden functionality or backdoors inserted in the supply chain.

addresses: CWE-912

Screening high-risk technical positions lowers the probability that hidden functionality or backdoors will be added by authorized personnel.

addresses: CWE-912

Hunting identifies hidden functionality used for persistence or evasion after initial compromise.

addresses: CWE-912

TSCM surveys discover and eliminate hidden surveillance functionality that would otherwise remain undetected in the environment.

addresses: CWE-912

Change control, approval gates, and flaw tracking force hidden functionality to be either documented or discovered and removed.

addresses: CWE-912

Vetting and integrity controls during acquisition reduce the likelihood of hidden backdoors or malicious functionality introduced by suppliers.

Mitigating Controls (NIST CSF 2.0) AI

Derived directly from the weakness types (CWEs) cited in the NVD entry via our AI-authored CWE→CSF cross-walk (authority under review) — links open the control.

PR.PS-06 full match
prevents

Secure SDLC practices directly prevent introduction of undocumented hidden functionality during development.

ID.RA-09 mostly match
prevents

Pre-acquisition integrity/authenticity checks can detect undocumented hidden functions in supplied software/hardware.

Mitigating Controls (ISO/IEC 27001:2022 Annex A) AI

Derived directly from the weakness types (CWEs) cited in the NVD entry via our AI-authored CWE→ISO cross-walk (authority under review) — links open the control.

finds

Security testing in development and acceptance can discover undocumented functionality before release.

prevents

Change management processes can catch unauthorized additions but do not inherently prevent hidden functionality from being introduced.

finds

Monitoring activities can detect anomalous behavior from hidden functions but do not eliminate the weakness.

prevents

Secure development life cycle mandates documented requirements and design reviews that would expose undocumented hidden functionality.

prevents

Application security requirements explicitly define expected functionality, making hidden features a violation.

prevents

Secure system architecture and engineering principles require transparent, documented designs that preclude hidden functionality.

References