Cyber Resilience

CVE-2023-46232

Matter-Labs Zkvyper ≤ 1.3.10

Public PoC
Published
25 October 2023
Modified
21 November 2024
Patch / advisory
CVSS Score v3.1 5.3
Click a component to see what it means
Raw vectorCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N
EPSS Score 0.0056 44th percentile
Risk Priority 45 floored blend · peak EPSS

Summary

CVE-2023-46232 is a medium-severity MAID (CWE-471) vulnerability in Matter-Labs Zkvyper. Its CVSS base score is 5.3 (Medium).

Operationally, exploitation aligns with the MITRE ATT&CK technique Path Interception (T1034); ranked at the 44th percentile by exploit likelihood (below the median); it is not currently listed in the CISA KEV catalog; a public proof-of-concept is referenced.

EU & UK References

Vulnerability Data

era-compiler-vyper is the EraVM Vyper compiler for zkSync Era, a layer 2 rollup that uses zero-knowledge proofs to scale Ethereum. Prior to era-compiler-vype version 1.3.10, a bug prevented the initialization of the first immutable variable for Vyper contracts meeting certain…

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criteria. The problem arises when there is a String or Array with more 256-bit words allocated than initialized. It results in the second word’s index unset, that is effectively set to 0, so the first immutable value with the actual 0 index is overwritten in the ImmutableSimulator. Version 1.3.10 fixes this issue by setting all indexes in advance. The problem will go away, but it will get more expensive if the user allocates a lot of uninitialized space, e.g. `String[4096]`. Upgrading and redeploying affected contracts is the only way of working around the issue.

CWE(s)

Related Threats

MITRE ATT&CK Enterprise Techniques

T1034 Path Interception Persistence
**This technique has been deprecated.
T1547 Boot or Logon Autostart Execution Persistence
Adversaries may configure system settings to automatically execute a program during system boot or logon to maintain persistence or gain higher-level privileges on compromised systems.
T1574 Hijack Execution Flow Stealth
Adversaries may execute their own malicious payloads by hijacking the way operating systems run programs.
T1546 Event Triggered Execution Privilege Escalation
Adversaries may establish persistence and/or elevate privileges using system mechanisms that trigger execution based on specific events.
Derived from this CVE’s CWE(s) via the direct CWE→ATT&CK cross-walk.

CVEs Like This One

CVE-2024-43366Same product: Matter-Labs Zkvyper
CVE-2023-43697Shared CWE-471
CVE-2024-9876Shared CWE-471
CVE-2025-33136Shared CWE-471
CVE-2024-55551Shared CWE-471
CVE-2024-34517Shared CWE-471
CVE-2024-45672Shared CWE-471
CVE-2024-51462Shared CWE-471
CVE-2026-8492Shared CWE-471
CVE-2026-50481Shared CWE-471

Affected Assets

matter-labs
zkvyper
≤ 1.3.10

Mitigating Controls

Control response

Prevent
Stop it (NIST 800-53)

Detect
Catch it (NIST detect / respond)

Harden
Shrink the surface (DISA STIG)
  • 1 hardening rule · 1 OS baseline
Validate
Prove the fix (OWASP ASVS)

Likely Mitigating Controls AI

Per-CVE control mapping for this CVE has not run yet; the list below is derived from the weakness types (CWEs) cited in the NVD entry.

addresses: CWE-471

Checksums and integrity protection during transformation/packing detect unauthorized modification of data assumed to be immutable before it is transmitted.

Mitigating Controls (NIST CSF 2.0) AI

Derived directly from the weakness types (CWEs) cited in the NVD entry via our AI-authored CWE→CSF cross-walk (authority under review) — links open the control.

PR.AA-05 mostly match
prevents

Least-privilege access controls directly block unauthorized writes to assumed-immutable data.

PR.DS-01 mostly match
prevents

Integrity mechanisms for data-at-rest prevent modification of elements expected to remain immutable.

PR.DS-10 mostly match
prevents

Protecting data-in-use integrity stops runtime tampering of values treated as constant.

PR.IR-01 partial match
prevents

Logical access controls reduce the attack surface for modifying internal assumed-immutable state.

PR.PS-01 partial match
prevents

Hardened configuration baselines limit opportunities to alter data presumed immutable.

Mitigating Controls (ISO/IEC 27001:2022 Annex A) AI

Derived directly from the weakness types (CWEs) cited in the NVD entry via our AI-authored CWE→ISO cross-walk (authority under review) — links open the control.

finds

Security testing can detect unauthorized modification paths for assumed-immutable data.

prevents

Secure SDLC practices include design reviews that identify and protect data assumed to be immutable.

prevents

Application security requirements can mandate integrity protections for data declared immutable.

prevents

Secure architecture principles call for explicit immutability guarantees and enforcement mechanisms.

prevents

Secure coding standards discourage mutable storage for values that must remain constant.

mitigates

Access-control rules directly prevent unauthorized modification of data assumed to be immutable.

Hardening callouts derived

Configuration rules from DISA STIG baselines that bear on weaknesses of the type cited by this CVE. Each rule is shown with the relationship its mapping actually records, against the CWE it was authored against. Derived via CVE→CWE over `controls_xwalks` (authoritative rows only; rows rated `none` are excluded).

Windows 10 (1 rule)
  • V-220812 Credential Guard must be running on Windows 10 domain-joined systems. prevents CWE-471

References