Cyber Resilience

CVE-2023-46604

RCE in Apache Activemq ≤ 5.15.16

CISA KEVActive ExploitationEUVD ExploitedPublic PoCRansomware-linkedRCEDeserialization
Published
27 October 2023
Modified
04 November 2025
KEV Added
02 November 2023
Patch / advisory
CVSS Score v3.1 10.0
Click a component to see what it means
Raw vectorCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:L/I:H/A:H
EPSS Score 0.99 99.9th percentile
Risk Priority 99 floored blend · peak EPSS

Summary

CVE-2023-46604 is a critical-severity Deserialization of Untrusted Data (CWE-502) vulnerability in Apache Activemq. Its CVSS base score is 10.0 (Critical).

Operationally, exploitation aligns with the MITRE ATT&CK technique Exploit Public-Facing Application (T1190); ranked in the top 0.1% of CVEs by exploit likelihood; CISA has added it to the Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalog; a public proof-of-concept is referenced.

Deeper analysis AI-assisted summary

Synthesised by an AI model from the NVD description and linked references — a reading aid, not an authoritative source.

The vulnerability CVE-2023-46604 affects the Java OpenWire protocol marshaller in Apache ActiveMQ brokers and clients. It stems from unsafe deserialization of class types that permits an attacker to instantiate arbitrary classes present on the classpath, resulting in remote code execution with a CVSS score of 10.0 and classification under CWE-502.

A remote attacker with network access to either an OpenWire broker or client can exploit the flaw by sending crafted serialized payloads over the protocol. Successful exploitation allows execution of arbitrary shell commands on the target system, with the attack surface extending bidirectionally between clients and brokers.

Official advisories from the Apache ActiveMQ project and downstream vendors such as Debian and NetApp direct users to upgrade both brokers and clients to versions 5.15.16, 5.16.7, 5.17.6, or 5.18.3. Additional references include public exploit code and coordinated disclosure notifications that reinforce the same patching guidance.

The associated EPSS score has remained at a high level, with a current value of 0.9444 and a recorded peak of 0.9731, consistent with sustained exploitation interest following public release of proof-of-concept material.

OWASP Top 10 for Web (2025)

EU & UK References

Vulnerability Data

The Java OpenWire protocol marshaller is vulnerable to Remote Code Execution. This vulnerability may allow a remote attacker with network access to either a Java-based OpenWire broker or client to run arbitrary shell commands by manipulating serialized class types in…

more

the OpenWire protocol to cause either the client or the broker (respectively) to instantiate any class on the classpath. Users are recommended to upgrade both brokers and clients to version 5.15.16, 5.16.7, 5.17.6, or 5.18.3 which fixes this issue.

CWE(s)
KEV Date Added
02 November 2023

Related Threats

MITRE ATT&CK Enterprise Techniques

T1190 Exploit Public-Facing Application Initial Access
Adversaries may attempt to exploit a weakness in an Internet-facing host or system to initially access a network.
T1203 Exploitation for Client Execution Execution
Adversaries may exploit software vulnerabilities in client applications to execute code.
T1210 Exploitation of Remote Services Lateral Movement
Adversaries may exploit remote services to gain unauthorized access to internal systems once inside of a network.
Derived from this CVE’s CWE(s) via the direct CWE→ATT&CK cross-walk.

CVEs Like This One

CVE-2017-9805Same product class: NAS / storage applianceboth on KEV
CVE-2025-24813Same product: Debian Debian Linuxboth on KEV
CVE-2019-0192Same product class: NAS / storage appliance
CVE-2024-47561Same product class: NAS / storage appliance
CVE-2019-17571Same product: Debian Debian Linux
CVE-2017-5645Same product class: NAS / storage appliance
CVE-2022-23302Same product class: NAS / storage appliance
CVE-2023-28709Same product: Debian Debian Linux
CVE-2019-0211Same product: Debian Debian Linuxboth on KEV
CVE-2021-22600Same product: Debian Debian Linuxboth on KEV

Affected Assets

apache
activemq
≤ 5.15.16 · 5.16.0 — 5.16.7 · 5.17.0 — 5.17.6
apache
activemq legacy openwire module
≤ 5.15.16 · 5.16.0 — 5.16.7 · 5.17.0 — 5.17.6
debian
debian linux
10.0, 11.0
netapp
e-series santricity unified manager
all versions
netapp
e-series santricity web services proxy
all versions
netapp
santricity storage plugin
all versions

Mitigating Controls

Likely Mitigating Controls AI

Per-CVE control mapping for this CVE has not run yet; the list below is derived from the weakness types (CWEs) cited in the NVD entry.

addresses: CWE-502

Penetration testing supplies malicious serialized objects, detecting unsafe deserialization and supporting corrective actions.

addresses: CWE-502

Evaluation of untrusted data handling (deserialization testing) reveals unsafe processing, which the required remediation process addresses.

addresses: CWE-502

Untrusted serialized data can be deserialized and observed inside the chamber, blocking gadget-chain exploitation outside the sandbox.

addresses: CWE-502

Validates or rejects untrusted serialized data before deserialization occurs.

addresses: CWE-502

Identifies and blocks malicious code introduced through deserialization of untrusted data at system boundaries.

addresses: CWE-502

Integrity verification of serialized information can detect tampering before deserialization occurs.

addresses: CWE-502

Provenance of associated data allows detection of untrusted sources before deserialization or processing occurs.

Mitigating Controls (NIST CSF 2.0) AI

Derived directly from the weakness types (CWEs) cited in the NVD entry via our AI-authored CWE→CSF cross-walk (authority under review) — links open the control.

PR.PS-02 none match
prevents

PR.PS-02 addresses only post-deployment updates/patching and cannot prevent introduction of unsafe deserialization code, yet it can remediate some instances when the flaw exists in outdated libraries or components.

Mitigating Controls (ISO/IEC 27001:2022 Annex A) AI

Derived directly from the weakness types (CWEs) cited in the NVD entry via our AI-authored CWE→ISO cross-walk (authority under review) — links open the control.

finds

Security testing includes validation of deserialization routines and the use of untrusted data, reducing the likelihood that unsafe object reconstruction will be deployed.

prevents

Requiring vetted libraries, regular updates and SAST before release reduces the likelihood that deserialization logic will accept and act on attacker-controlled serialized objects.

finds

Regular scanning of third-party libraries and timely patching reduce the likelihood that unsafe deserialization vulnerabilities remain active.

none

Mandatory malware scanning of data received over networks or storage media intercepts malicious serialized payloads before they are deserialized by the target application.

References