Cyber Resilience

CVE-2023-50387

DoS in Redhat Enterprise Linux 6.0 … 9.0

High EPSSDoS
Published
14 February 2024
Modified
04 November 2025
Patch / advisory
CVSS Score v3.1 7.5
Click a component to see what it means
Raw vectorCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H
EPSS Score 0.99 100.0th percentile
Risk Priority 84 floored blend · peak EPSS

Summary

CVE-2023-50387 is a high-severity Allocation of Resources Without Limits or Throttling (CWE-770) vulnerability in Redhat Enterprise Linux. Its CVSS base score is 7.5 (High).

Operationally, exploitation aligns with the MITRE ATT&CK technique Network Denial of Service (T1498); ranked in the top 0.0% of CVEs by exploit likelihood; it is not currently listed in the CISA KEV catalog.

The strongest mitigations our analysis identified map to AC-10 (Concurrent Session Control) and SC-6 (Resource Availability) — see the control section below for these in your framework.

Deeper analysis AI-assisted summary

Synthesised by an AI model from the NVD description and linked references — a reading aid, not an authoritative source.

CVE-2023-50387 is a denial-of-service vulnerability in DNSSEC processing as defined in RFCs 4033, 4034, 4035, 6840 and related specifications. It stems from the requirement that validating resolvers evaluate every combination of DNSKEY and RRSIG records when a zone publishes many such records, resulting in excessive CPU consumption. The flaw, tracked as CWE-770 and nicknamed KeyTrap, affects any DNS resolver or authoritative server that implements the DNSSEC validation algorithm without additional safeguards.

An unauthenticated remote attacker can trigger the issue by sending one or more crafted DNSSEC responses that force the target to perform the full combinatorial evaluation. Successful exploitation produces sustained high CPU load and can render the resolver unresponsive, achieving a denial-of-service condition without any privileges or user interaction. The CVSS 3.1 base score of 7.5 reflects network attack vector, low complexity, and high availability impact.

Vendor advisories from Red Hat, SUSE, PowerDNS and coordinated lists on oss-security describe the problem and point to forthcoming patches or configuration work-arounds that limit the number of signatures or keys processed per response. The associated EPSS score rose from a low baseline to a peak of 0.5199 on 2026-03-20 before receding to the current value of 0.4321, indicating measurable post-disclosure exploitation interest that warrants renewed monitoring.

EU & UK References

Vulnerability Data

Certain DNSSEC aspects of the DNS protocol (in RFC 4033, 4034, 4035, 6840, and related RFCs) allow remote attackers to cause a denial of service (CPU consumption) via one or more DNSSEC responses, aka the "KeyTrap" issue. One of the…

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concerns is that, when there is a zone with many DNSKEY and RRSIG records, the protocol specification implies that an algorithm must evaluate all combinations of DNSKEY and RRSIG records.

CWE(s)

Related Threats

MITRE ATT&CK Enterprise Techniques

T1498 Network Denial of Service Impact
Adversaries may perform Network Denial of Service (DoS) attacks to degrade or block the availability of targeted resources to users.
T1499 Endpoint Denial of Service Impact
Adversaries may perform Endpoint Denial of Service (DoS) attacks to degrade or block the availability of services to users.
T1499.003 Application Exhaustion Flood Impact
Adversaries may target resource intensive features of applications to cause a denial of service (DoS), denying availability to those applications.
T1498.001 Direct Network Flood Impact
Adversaries may attempt to cause a denial of service (DoS) by directly sending a high-volume of network traffic to a target.
T1498.002 Reflection Amplification Impact
Adversaries may attempt to cause a denial of service (DoS) by reflecting a high-volume of network traffic to a target.
T1499.001 OS Exhaustion Flood Impact
Adversaries may launch a denial of service (DoS) attack targeting an endpoint's operating system (OS).
Derived from this CVE’s CWE(s) via the direct CWE→ATT&CK cross-walk.

CVEs Like This One

CVE-2024-43567Same product: Microsoft Windows Server 2012
CVE-2023-38039Same product: Fedoraproject Fedora
CVE-2026-54113Same product: Microsoft Windows Server 2012
CVE-2025-50172Same product: Microsoft Windows Server 2019
CVE-2026-49787Same product: Microsoft Windows Server 2016
CVE-2026-49788Same product: Microsoft Windows Server 2016
CVE-2023-2828Same product: Fedoraproject Fedora
CVE-2026-47302Same product: Microsoft Windows Server 2012
CVE-2026-50525Same product: Microsoft Windows Server 2012
CVE-2026-50648Same product: Microsoft Windows Server 2012

Affected Assets

redhat
enterprise linux
6.0, 7.0, 8.0, 9.0
microsoft
windows server 2008
r2
microsoft
windows server 2012
all versions, r2
microsoft
windows server 2016
all versions
microsoft
windows server 2019
all versions
microsoft
windows server 2022
all versions
microsoft
windows server 2022 23h2
all versions
fedoraproject
fedora
39
thekelleys
dnsmasq
≤ 2.90
nic
knot resolver
≤ 5.71
+3 more product configuration(s) — see NVD for full list

Mitigating Controls

Control response

Prevent
Stop it (NIST 800-53)

Detect
Catch it (NIST detect / respond)

Harden
Shrink the surface (DISA STIG)
  • 5 hardening rules · 3 OS baselines
Validate
Prove the fix (OWASP ASVS)
  • V15.4.4

Mitigating Controls (NIST 800-53 r5) AI

Directly enforces a hard limit on concurrent sessions, structurally preventing unbounded resource allocation.

Requires explicit allocation of resources by priority or quota, directly stopping unlimited allocation.

Imposes a limit on consecutive invalid attempts, preventing one specific class of unbounded resource consumption.

Reduces impact of resulting DoS events without preventing the underlying lack of allocation limits.

Mitigating Controls (NIST CSF 2.0) AI

Derived directly from the weakness types (CWEs) cited in the NVD entry via our AI-authored CWE→CSF cross-walk (authority under review) — links open the control.

PR.IR-04 mostly match
degrades

Monitoring capacity and taking action to maintain availability directly reduces unchecked resource allocation.

Mitigating Controls (ISO/IEC 27001:2022 Annex A) AI

Derived directly from the weakness types (CWEs) cited in the NVD entry via our AI-authored CWE→ISO cross-walk (authority under review) — links open the control.

finds

Baseline comparison of CPU, memory and bandwidth usage helps surface uncontrolled resource allocations before they cause service degradation.

prevents

Capacity projections and elasticity measures ensure that allocation requests are bounded and can be throttled, reducing the window in which an attacker can force unbounded resource reservations.

mitigates

Defining retention periods and deletion schedules for backup copies prevents indefinite accumulation of data on storage media without corresponding resource-management controls.

mitigates

Architectural redundancy and automatic failover limit the impact of an attacker who forces excessive allocations, because spare capacity can absorb the load until the primary instance recovers.

none

Documented incident response procedures that include activation of continuity plans and controlled recovery help ensure that resource consumption triggered by an incident is bounded and managed rather than left unbounded.

mitigates

Mandating tested continuity procedures that preserve or replace resource-limiting controls prevents an attacker from exploiting the absence of throttling mechanisms during an outage.

Hardening callouts derived

Configuration rules from DISA STIG baselines that bear on weaknesses of the type cited by this CVE. Each rule is shown with the relationship its mapping actually records, against the CWE it was authored against. Derived via CVE→CWE over `controls_xwalks` (authoritative rows only; rows rated `none` are excluded).

Oracle Linux 8 (2 rules)
  • V-248552 OL 8 must be configured so that all network connections associated with SSH traffic terminate after becoming unresponsive. prevents CWE-770
  • V-248553 OL 8 must be configured so that all network connections associated with SSH traffic are terminated after 10 minutes of becoming unresponsive. prevents CWE-770
Oracle Linux 9 (2 rules)
  • V-271710 OL 9 must be configured so that all network connections associated with SSH traffic are terminated after 10 minutes of becoming unresponsive. prevents CWE-770
  • V-271709 OL 9 must be configured so that all network connections associated with SSH traffic terminate after becoming unresponsive. prevents CWE-770
RHEL 8 (1 rule)
  • V-230244 RHEL 8 must be configured so that all network connections associated with SSH traffic terminate after becoming unresponsive. prevents CWE-770

References